Hadeeth Cards
Da'wa cards that highlight great meanings from the noble prophetic hadiths in a simple style and attractive display that helps the Muslim to have a deeper understanding of his religion in an easy way
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‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "If a man acknowledges his paternity of a child (even) for a moment, he has no right to deny it (later)."
Al-Bayhaqi
This report indicates that if a man acknowledges his paternity of a child, he has no right to deny this paternity or the child’s attribution to him later. This is because paternity is one of the rights that is established by acknowledgment, and a subsequent denial or negation is not acceptable.
Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: A woman came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, my daughter’s husband died, and she complains about her eye. Can we apply Kohl thereto?" The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said 'No' twice or thrice. Then he said: "It is only four months and ten days. In the pre-Islamic era, you women would throw away the dung after a year had passed." Zaynab said: “When a woman’s husband died, she would go into a small hut, wear her worst clothes and would not touch any kind of perfume until a whole year would pass. Then an animal – a donkey, bird, or sheep – would be brought to her and she would rub her skin with it. It was seldom that she would rub her skin with any animal except that it died! Then she would come out and be given a piece of dung, which she would throw away. Then, she would return to using perfume or anything else she liked.”
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
Islam came and relieved people of the hardship of the pre-Islamic era, especially the woman, who was mistreated and wronged but Islam preserved her rights. In this Hadīth, a woman came seeking a legal ruling from the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) as she told him that her daughter’s husband had died and that her daughter was in her mourning period, during which she had to abstain from adornment. However, she complained about some pain in her eyes. The woman asked whether there was a concession allowing her daughter to use Kohl. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No", repeating it in confirmation of his disapproval. Then he made a remark about the considerable shortness of the duration of a widow’s period of mourning as a veneration of the husband, which is four months and ten days. Then he wondered why women would not endure this short period that involved ease and comfort? In the pre-Islamic era, a widow would observe the mourning period in a small house, like a den in the wilderness, and for a full year she would abstain from adornment, perfume, water, and mixing with people, such that the filth and dirt would accumulate on her body, while being secluded from people. When her mourning period ended, she would be given a piece of dung, which she would then throw away, as an indication that what she went through of confinement, hardship and difficulty is as insignificant as that piece of dung when compared to her husband's huge right upon her. When Islam came, it replaced such a distress with favor, and such a difficulty with ease. However, women were too impatient to refrain from applying Kohl to their eyes. That is why no concession was granted to such a woman in this case, in order not to be a means leading to allowing adornment for a woman in her mourning period.
Subay‘ah al-Aslamiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that she was married to Sa‘d ibn Khawlah, who belonged to the tribe of ‘Āmir ibn Lu’ay. He was one of the Companions who participated in the battle of Badr. He died during the Farewell Hajj while Subay‘ah was pregnant. Shortly after his death, she delivered her child. When her post-natal bleeding stopped, she beautified herself for prospective suitors. Abu As-Sanābil ibn Ba‘kak (a man from the tribe of Banu ‘Abd Ad-Dār) entered upon her and said: "Why are you thus adorned? Perhaps you wish to remarry? By Allah, you cannot remarry unless four months and ten days (of ‘Iddah) have passed." Subay‘ah said: "When he said that, I put on my clothes in the evening and I went to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). I asked him about that, and he gave me a Fatwa that remarrying had became lawful to me when I delivered my child, and he ordered me to marry if I so wished." Ibn Shihāb said: "I do not find anything wrong with her marrying right after she gives birth, even if she is still bleeding (post-partum) except that her new husband should not approach her until she attains purity (when the bleeding stops).
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
Sa‘d ibn Khawlah (may Allah be pleased with him) died leaving behind his wife Subay‘ah al-Aslamiyyah who was pregnant at the time. Soon after his death she gave birth. Once she became pure from her post-natal bleeding, and knowing that her ‘Iddah was over with the childbirth and that it was permissible for her to marry, she adorned and beautified herself. Abu As-Sanābil entered upon her as she was thus beautified and adorned, and realized that she had done so in order to appeal to the suitors. So, he swore by Allah, based upon his knowledge at that time, that it was not permissible for her to marry unless four months and ten days had passed after the death of her husband, based upon Allah's statement in the Qur'an: {And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind - they (the wives, shall) wait four months and ten (days)} [Sūrat al-Baqarah : 234]. As Subay‘ah was uncertain about the knowledge she had of this issue, and Abu As-Sanābil affirmed his claim by swearing by Allah, she went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him about it. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gave her a religious verdict stating that it was permissible for her to marry as soon as she gave birth. If she wished to marry, then she was entitled to it, based on Allah's words in the Qur'an: {And for those who are pregnant, their term is until they give birth} [Sūrat At-Talāq: 4]. Hence, the woman whose husband died while she is pregnant, her waiting period ends when she delivers her child, and the woman who is not pregnant, her waiting period is four months and ten days.
Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: My maternal aunt was divorced, and she wanted to collect the harvest from her date-palm trees. A man rebuked her for going out to the trees. So she went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who said: "No, go and collect the harvest from your trees, for perhaps you will give (some of it in) charity or do a good deed with it."
Narrated by Muslim
This Hadīth indicates that the aunt of Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) was divorced, and she wanted to collect the harvest of her palm trees during her waiting period. A man prevented her from doing so. Therefore, she asked the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) about it, and he told her that she may go out of her house. As such, an irrevocably divorced woman is not like a widow. In her waiting period, the divorcee may go out whenever she wants, although it is better and more protective that she stays at home. In this respect, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Their homes are better for them." This very statement refers to women's practice of worship, their prayer in congregation with the Muslims, and listening to good things. This is even more so applicable to other things of a mundane nature.
Furay‘ah bint Mālik ibn Sinān, sister of Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri, reported that she went to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him if she could return to her family, Banu Khudrah, because her husband went out chasing his slaves who ran away; and when he caught them at the borders of Al-Qadūm, they killed him. She said: "I asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) if I could go back to my people, for he (the murdered husband) did not leave me in a dwelling of his own, nor did he leave me with any financial maintenance?" She said: "The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) replied: 'Yes.'" She said: "I went out, and when I was in the apartment or in the mosque, he called for me, or he commanded someone to call me and he said: 'What did you say?' So I repeated my story which I had already mentioned about my husband. Thereupon he said: 'Stay in your house until the term (of ‘Iddah) lapses.'" She said: "So I spent my ‘Iddah therein (in her husband's house) for four months and ten days. When ‘Uthmān ibn ‘Affān became the caliph, he sent for me and asked me about that; so I informed him, and he followed it and decided cases accordingly.’"
Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by At-Termedhy - An-Nasaa’i - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad - Ad-Daarimi
This Hadīth shows that a female Companion whose husband died wanted to spend her ‘Iddah in a house different from the one she used to live in with her husband. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) told her that Allah made it obligatory for her to remain in her husband's house until her ‘Iddah lapses. This Hadīth sets a basic rule that the woman whose husband dies must remain in the house she used to live in with her husband until her ‘Iddah and mourning period lapse. This period ends with the delivery of a baby if the widowed woman is pregnant, or by spending full four months and ten days if she is not pregnant.
Fātimah bint Qays reported: I said: "O Messenger of Allah, my husband has divorced me three times and I am afraid that my house will be broken into." So, he (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) told me to move.
Narrated by Muslim
Fātimah bint Qays (may Allah be pleased with her) told the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) she feared that if she observed her waiting period in the house where she used to live with her husband before he divorced her, a licentious person or a robber might break into the house. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) told her to move house, even though she was still in her waiting period following the divorce, as there was a need for it.
‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Do not confuse the Sunnah of our Prophet. The ‘Iddah of a mother-slave girl whose master dies is four months and ten (days)."
Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad - Maalik
In this report, the honorable Companion ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) criticized those who argued without a proof about the issue of the ‘Iddah of a mother slave-girl (a slave girl who gave birth to a child from her master) whose master died. He clarified that her prescribed period is four months and ten days, exactly like the prescribed period of a free woman. Although this report expressly spells out this meaning, many of the scholars maintained that the waiting period of a mother slave-girl whose master died is the same as that of other slave-girls, which is the passing of a single menstrual period. This is the opinion of the majority of the scholars, and it is based on other proofs.
‘Urwah ibn Az-Zubayr reported from ‘Ā’ishah that she took Hafsah bint ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn Abu Bakr As-Siddīq into her house when she was in her third period. Ibn Shihāb said: "That was mentioned to ‘Amrah bint ‘Abdur-Rahmān, and she said that ‘Urwah had spoken the truth, and people had argued with ‘Ā’ishah about it. They said that Allah, the Exalted, says in His Book: {Waiting for three menstrual periods} [Sūrat al-Baqarah: 228]. ‘Ā’ishah said: 'You spoke the truth. Do you know what menstrual periods are? They are the three times of becoming pure after menstruation.'"
Maalik
In this tradition, ‘Urwah ibn Az-Zubayr reported that ‘Ā’ishah moved her niece Hafsah, daughter of her brother ‘Abdur-Rahmān, from the house where she spent her prescribed period after her husband al-Mundhir ibn al-‘Awwām divorced her. She took her whilst she was in her third period because this was the last one of her prescribed periods after the divorce. There was an argument between ‘Ā’ishah and some of the Companions about the meaning of the word menstrual periods in the following verse: {And divorced women shall wait [as regards their marriage] for three menstrual periods} [Sūrat al-Baqarah: 228]. They maintained that it referred to the menstrual period. ‘Ā’ishah (may Alla be pleased with her) answered them: "You have read the Qur’an correctly but failed to interpret it the right way. The meaning of the word in question is the period of purity between two successive menstrual periods.
‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “A woman whose husband is missing and whose whereabouts is unknown to her must wait for four years and then observe the ‘Iddah (of a widow) for four months and ten days. After that, she is allowed to marry.”
Maalik
In this tradition, ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) explains that any woman whose husband went missing must wait for four years, starting from the date when she lost him. Then she should observe the ‘Iddah of a widow for four months and ten days. After that, she is allowed to marry. Muslim jurists said that this tradition and similar ones apply to the husband whose death is almost certain, such as the one who went missing in a war, drowned at sea, etc.
