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﴿ إِنَّكُمۡ لَتَأۡتُونَ ٱلرِّجَالَ شَهۡوَةٗ مِّن دُونِ ٱلنِّسَآءِۚ بَلۡ أَنتُمۡ قَوۡمٞ مُّسۡرِفُونَ ﴾

سورة الأعراف

Indeed, you approach men with desire, instead of women. Rather, you are a transgressing people."

﴿ قَالَ يَٰقَوۡمِ إِنِّي لَكُمۡ نَذِيرٞ مُّبِينٌ ﴾

سورة نوح

He said: “O my people, indeed I am a clear warner to you,

﴿ ۞ وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَرۡجُونَ لِقَآءَنَا لَوۡلَآ أُنزِلَ عَلَيۡنَا ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ أَوۡ نَرَىٰ رَبَّنَاۗ لَقَدِ ٱسۡتَكۡبَرُواْ فِيٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ وَعَتَوۡ عُتُوّٗا كَبِيرٗا ﴾

سورة الفرقان

And those who do not expect the meeting with Us say, "Why were not angels sent down to us, or [why] do we [not] see our Lord?" They have certainly become arrogant within themselves[1013] and [become] insolent with great insolence.

﴿ وَمَا مِنۡ غَآئِبَةٖ فِي ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ إِلَّا فِي كِتَٰبٖ مُّبِينٍ ﴾

سورة النمل

And there is nothing concealed[1085] within the heaven and the earth except that it is in a clear Register.[1086]

﴿ فَبِأَيِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ ﴾

سورة الرحمن

65. Then which of the Blessings of your Lord will you both (jinn and men) deny?

﴿ ٱلشَّهۡرُ ٱلۡحَرَامُ بِٱلشَّهۡرِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ وَٱلۡحُرُمَٰتُ قِصَاصٞۚ فَمَنِ ٱعۡتَدَىٰ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فَٱعۡتَدُواْ عَلَيۡهِ بِمِثۡلِ مَا ٱعۡتَدَىٰ عَلَيۡكُمۡۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ﴾

سورة البقرة

[Battle in] a sacred month[93] is for [aggression committed in] a sacred month, and violations are subject to retribution. So if anyone commits aggression against you, return the aggression against him in the same manner as he showed against you. But fear Allah, and know that Allah is with those who fear Him.

﴿ ثُمَّ كَانَ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَتَوَاصَوۡاْ بِٱلصَّبۡرِ وَتَوَاصَوۡاْ بِٱلۡمَرۡحَمَةِ ﴾

سورة البلد

17. Then he became one of those who believed (in the Islamic Monotheism) and recommended one another to perseverance and patience, and (also) recommended one another to pity and compassion.

﴿ وَتِلۡكَ نِعۡمَةٞ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ أَنۡ عَبَّدتَّ بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ ﴾

سورة الشعراء

Is this a favor that you remind me with, that you have enslaved the Children of Israel?[8]

﴿ وَقَالَ لِلَّذِي ظَنَّ أَنَّهُۥ نَاجٖ مِّنۡهُمَا ٱذۡكُرۡنِي عِندَ رَبِّكَ فَأَنسَىٰهُ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ ذِكۡرَ رَبِّهِۦ فَلَبِثَ فِي ٱلسِّجۡنِ بِضۡعَ سِنِينَ ﴾

سورة يوسف

Then he said to the one he knew would be saved, “Mention me to your master.” But Satan made him forget to mention this to his master, so he remained in prison for several years.

﴿ لَلَبِثَ فِي بَطۡنِهِۦٓ إِلَىٰ يَوۡمِ يُبۡعَثُونَ ﴾

سورة الصافات

144. He would have indeed remained inside its belly (the fish) till the Day of Resurrection.

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‘Abdullāh ibn Zayd ibn ‘Āsim al-Māzini (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) went out to invoke Allah for rain. He faced the direction of Qiblah as he invoked Allah, and turned his upper garment inside out. Then he prayed two Rak‘ahs and recited the Qur'an out loud in them. In another wording: "...facing the place of praying."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Allah, the Exalted, tests His slaves with many types of trials, so that they will invoke Him alone and remember Him. So, when the earth became barren during the lifetime of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) he went out with the people toward the place where Eid prayer is performed in the desert to ask for rain from Allah, the Exalted, and in order to show more humbleness and need to Allah, the Exalted. So, he faced the direction of Qiblah, where supplication is more likely to be answered, and began to invoke Allah to send down rain for the Muslims and to remove the drought that afflicted them. Out of optimism that their situation would change from drought and hardship to fertility and life of ease, he turned his upper garment inside out, then led the people in Istisqā' prayer. The prayer consisted of two Rak‘ahs in which his recitation of the Qur'an was out loud, because it was a largely congregational prayer.

Mahmūd ibn Labīd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: 'Uthmān ibn' Affān (may Allah be pleased with him) wanted to build the mosque, but the people did not like this idea, and they wished that he should keep it as it was. Thereupon, he said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'He who builds a mosque for Allah, Allah will build for him the like of it in Paradise.'"

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

'Uthmān ibn' Affān (may Allah be pleased with him) wanted to rebuild the Prophet's Mosque in a better way than its former state. But the people disliked that, as it would involve a change to the earlier condition of the Mosque's structure during the Prophet's lifetime. The Mosque was made of mud bricks, and its ceiling was made of palm branches. 'Uthmān, however, wanted to build it with stones and plaster. So, 'Uthmān (may Allah be pleased with him) informed them that he heard the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: Whoever builds a mosque to win the pleasure of Allah Almighty, not for show-off or reputation, Allah will give him the best reward of the same kind of his deed. The reward is that Allah will build for him the like of it in Paradise.

Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The deeds of my Ummah, the good and the bad thereof, were presented to me. I found the removal of harm from the road among their good deeds, and the spittle in a mosque that was not buried among their bad deeds."

Narrated by Muslim

Allah, Glorified and Exalted, presented the deeds of all Muslims to our Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and he found the removal of harmful things from the road among the good deeds, and spitting in the mosque and not removing the spit by burying it or by any other way is among the bad deeds.

Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is not appropriate to use mosques for urinating or filth. Indeed, they are built for the remembrance of Allah and the recitation of the Qur’an." Or he said words similar to this.

Narrated by Muslim

There is a story behind this Hadīth which Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported. He said: Once we were in the mosque with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) when a Bedouin came in and started urinating in the mosque. The Companions of the Messenger of Allah started to shout at him to stop. The Messenger of Allah said: "Do not interrupt him; leave him alone." So they left him until he finished urinating. Then the Messenger of Allah called him over and gently told him that these mosques are not built for urinating or any kind of filth; rather, they are built for prayer, reading the Qur’an, and remembrance of Allah. It is the duty of the believer to respect the houses of Allah. He should never throw anything filthy or harmful inside them nor raise his voice unduly, and be at his best behavior inside mosques because they are the houses of Allah.

Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man announced (the loss of his camel) in the mosque, saying out loud: "Has any one seen the red camel?" Upon this the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "May you not find it! The mosques are built for the purpose they are built."

Narrated by Muslim

Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him) relates in this Hadīth that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) heard a man inside the mosque asking if anyone had seen his red camel, and that whoever would find it should let him know. The Prophet supplicated against him that he would not find it, or that Allah would not restore it to him (as in another reporion). He then explained why he supplicated against him, saying that the Houses of Allah were not built for worldly affairs such as asking about lost items or buying and selling; rather, they were built for prayer, the remembrance of Allah, and seeking the Hereafter.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever hears a man inquiring in the mosque about something he has lost should say: 'May Allah not restore it to you,' for indeed mosques are not built for this."

Narrated by Muslim

This Hadīth teaches us that if we find someone asking in the mosque about something he has lost, we should say to him: "May Allah not restore it to you" or "May you not find it", according to another narration. This aims at scolding such a person for his lack of reverence for the mosque. Then, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarified the reason for this rebuke, saying: "Indeed, mosques were not built for this." In fact, mosques are built for remembering Allah, the Almighty; prayer; knowledge; good discussions; and so on. Therefore, as the seeker of a lost item in the mosque has used this sacred place for a purpose not befitting it, he deserves supplication against him that he may not find his lost property. This is to punish him by giving him the opposite of what he seeks and also to intimidate others and repel them from doing the same. Overall, the Hadīth falls under commanding the right and forbidding the wrong, with the relevant conditions. If the supplication deters such a person and makes him stop, that is good; otherwise, it should be repeated.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When you see someone buying or selling in the mosque, say to him: 'May Allah not make your sale profitable!' And when you see someone announcing a lost item in the mosque, then say: 'May Allah not return it to you!'"

Narrated by At-Termedhy

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When you see someone buying or selling in the mosque." Not naming the item that is being sold implies the coverage of this verdict to any purchasable item. The Messenger ordered his followers to supplicate against those who buy and sell in the mosque out loud. He ordered them to say: "May Allah not make your sale profitable." This verdict has a connection to this verse: {So their commerce was profitless} [Sūrat al-Baqarah: 16]. It is also allowed to supplicate against both the buyer and the seller. The reason why purchasing inside the mosque is not allowed is because the mosque is the marketplace of the Hereafter. The one who treats it as a marketplace of this world and not of the Hereafter makes himself liable to be supplicated against with loss and deprivation, which is the very opposite of his purpose, so that people would restrain from doing it. This action is undesirable inside the mosque out of veneration for it.

Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The Hour will not appear until people boast about mosques."

Narrated by Abu Daoud

This Hadīth means that the Hour will not appear until people boast about mosques: their beautiful architecture, decoration, embellishment, height, and tall walls, so that some would say: "Our mosque is better than the mosque of the other neighborhood," and so on. Boasting is induced by actions, which involve an exaggerated decoration of mosques, building them to considerable heights, etc., so that they appear more splendid than other mosques. As such, it is mandatory to avoid excessiveness in building and decorating mosques, because mosques are not built for such ends. They are built only to be maintained with prayer, remembering and obeying Allah, the Almighty. In this respect, Allah says: {The mosques of Allah shall be maintained only by those who believe in Allah and the Last Day and establish the prayer.} [Sūrat At-Tawbah: 18] ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered building a mosque and gave these instructions: "[Build only to] shelter people from rain. Do not paint red or yellow, lest you should distract people's attention." Here, ‘Umar instructs to build a mosque that will protect people from rain and heat when they pray in it. Decoration is not advised. Anas said: "They will boast about [mosques], but little will they maintain them." Ibn ‘Abbās said: "Indeed you will embellish [mosques] just as the Jews and Christians embellished [their churches and synagogues]." To conclude, boasting about mosques is one of the signs of the Hour which will appear only when religious observance has grown weak. People will not be doing things for the sake of Allah, the Almighty, but for ostentation, reputation, competition, and boasting.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sent some cavalry towards Najd. They captured a man from the tribe of Banu Hanīfah called Thumāmah ibn Uthāl, and tied him to one of the pillars of the mosque. Then the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) went to him and said: "What do you think, Thumāmah?" He replied, "I have a good thought, O Muhammad! If you kill, you will kill someone with blood; if you do a favor, you will do a favor to a grateful person; and if you want money, then ask and you will be given whatever you wish." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) left him until the next day, and then said to him: "What do you think, Thumāmah? He said: "As I told you before: if you do a favor, you will do a favor to a grateful person; if you kill, you will kill a person with blood; and if you want money, then ask and you will be given whatever you wish." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) left him again until the following day and then said to him: "What do you think, Thumāmah?" He said: "I think what I have told you before: if you do a favor , you will do a favor to a grateful person; if you kill, you will kill a person with blood; and if you want money, then ask and you will be given whatever you wish." Thereupon, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Release Thumāmah." Thereupon, he went to a place of water near the mosque, took a bath, and then entered the mosque and said: "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. O Muhammad, by Allah! There was no face on the surface of the earth more hateful to me than yours; but now your face has become the most beloved of all faces to me. By Allah, there was no religion more hateful to me than yours; but now it is the most beloved religion to me. By Allah, there was no city more hateful to me than yours; but now it is the most beloved city to me. Your cavalry arrested me when I was intending to perform ‘Umrah. And now what do you think?" The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gave him glad tidings and ordered him to go and perform ‘Umrah. So, when he went to Mecca, someone said to him: "Have you apostatized?" Thumāmah replied: "No, by Allah! I have embraced Islam along with the Messenger of Allah. Behold, by Allah, no single grain of wheat will come to you from Yamāmah unless the Messenger of Allah gives his permission for it."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sent horsemen to Najd, led by Muhammad ibn Maslamah, on 10 Muharram, 6 A.H., to fight the tribes of Banu Bakr, which included Banu Hanīfah. They raided them, defeated them, and took Thumāmah as a captive and brought him to Madīnah. They fastened him to one of the pillars of the Prophet's mosque. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked him: "What do you think?" In other words, what do you think I will do to you? He said: "I have a good thought." This means that: I only think about you in a good way, or I do not expect anything from you but good, regardless of what you will do to me. Thumāmah's statement, "If you kill, you will kill a person with blood," means that If you kill me, there are people who will take revenge for my blood because I am the leader of my tribe. Another interpretation is: If you kill me, this will be fair, and you have done to me what I deserve, because I have shed blood; Thus, if you kill me, you will be killing me in retribution, and this will not be an act of injustice at all. "If you do a favor, you will do a favor to a grateful person," means: If you do a favor to me by forgiving me, indeed forgiveness is an attribute of the noble people, and your favor will not go unpaid for, for you will be doing a favor to a noble person who recognizes and appreciates favors and never forgets them. "If you want money" means if you want me to ransom myself with money, then ask me whatever wealth you want, and you will be given what you ask for. After this dialogue, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) left him until the following day, on which he asked him again, about what he thought, and he replied, "what I have told you before..." This means that the Prophet left him fastened to the pillar until the next day, and then asked Thumāmah the same question to which he gave the same answer. Then, he left him until the third day, on which the Prophet asked the same question and Thumāmah gave the same answer. Then, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gave his instructions to release Thumāmah, i.e. to untie him and set him free. Thumāmah then went to a place of water near the mosque, took a bath, and then entered the mosque and said: "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah...," i.e. he embraced Islam and uttered the two testimonies of faith. This is the version narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim, and It relates that Thumāmah took a bath on his own without being requested by the Prophet to do so. Thereafter, Thumāmah expressed his feelings towards the Prophet, towards his great religion, and towards his beloved city, Madīnah. He said that there was no face which he disliked more than that of the Prophet. Yet, after he embraced Islam, the Prophet's face became the most beloved face to him, as hatred turned into intense and unmatched love. "By Allah, there was no religion more hateful to me than yours; but now it is the most beloved religion to me." Indeed, this is what happens when the sweetness of faith touches the heart. "By Allah, there was no city more hateful to me than yours; but now it is the most beloved city to me." This is because his love for the Prophet has led him to love the Prophet's city. Then, he said that Muslims captured him when he was intending to perform ‘Umrah, and asked the Prophet's permission to perform ‘Umrah. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gave him glad tidings, i.e. gave him the good news that all his sins were forgiven and that he would obtain the good of both this world and the next. The Prophet then ordered him to go and perform ‘Umrah. When he came to Mecca, someone said to him, "Have you apostatized?" i.e. have deserted your religion and converted to another one. Thumāmah replied, "No, by Allah, but I have embraced Islam along with Muhammad the Messenger of Allah." In other words, in fact I have deserted a false religion and converted to the true one. "Behold, by Allah, no single grain of wheat shall come to you from Yamāmah unless the Messenger of Allah gives his permission for it," i.e. until the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gives me the permission to send it to you. Then, he left to Yamāmah, the countryside of Mecca, and stopped sending them wheat until the people of Quraysh got exhausted. They wrote to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asking him by kinship ties to intercede with Thumāmah on their behalf, which he did.

Hakīm ibn Hizām (may Allah be pleased with him) reported the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The prescribed corporal punishments are not to be carried out in mosques; nor should retribution be carried out in them."

Narrated by Abu Daoud