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﴿ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ فَٱهۡدُوهُمۡ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطِ ٱلۡجَحِيمِ ﴾

سورة الصافات

23. "Instead of Allâh, and lead them on to the way of flaming Fire (Hell);

﴿ وَٱصۡبِرۡ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجۡرَ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ﴾

سورة هود

115. And be patient; verily, Allâh wastes not the reward of the good-doers.

﴿ فَكَيۡفَ إِذَا جِئۡنَا مِن كُلِّ أُمَّةِۭ بِشَهِيدٖ وَجِئۡنَا بِكَ عَلَىٰ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ شَهِيدٗا ﴾

سورة النساء

So how [will it be] when We bring from every nation a witness and We bring you, [O Muḥammad], against these [people] as a witness?

﴿ وَإِذَا تُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡهِمۡ ءَايَٰتُنَا قَالُواْ قَدۡ سَمِعۡنَا لَوۡ نَشَآءُ لَقُلۡنَا مِثۡلَ هَٰذَآ إِنۡ هَٰذَآ إِلَّآ أَسَٰطِيرُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ ﴾

سورة الأنفال

When Our verses are recited to them, they say, “We have heard. If we wished, we could say something like this. This is nothing but ancient fables.”

﴿ فَأَوۡجَسَ فِي نَفۡسِهِۦ خِيفَةٗ مُّوسَىٰ ﴾

سورة طه

And he sensed within himself apprehension, did Moses.

﴿ قَالَ أَلَمۡ نُرَبِّكَ فِينَا وَلِيدٗا وَلَبِثۡتَ فِينَا مِنۡ عُمُرِكَ سِنِينَ ﴾

سورة الشعراء

[Pharaoh] said, "Did we not raise you among us as a child, and you remained among us for years of your life?

﴿ مَآ أَصَابَ مِن مُّصِيبَةٖ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَا فِيٓ أَنفُسِكُمۡ إِلَّا فِي كِتَٰبٖ مِّن قَبۡلِ أَن نَّبۡرَأَهَآۚ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ يَسِيرٞ ﴾

سورة الحديد

22. No calamity befalls on the earth or in yourselves but it is inscribed in the Book of Decrees (Al-Lauh Al-Mahfûz) before We bring it into existence. Verily, that is easy for Allâh.[2]

﴿ أَمۡ تَقُولُونَ إِنَّ إِبۡرَٰهِـۧمَ وَإِسۡمَٰعِيلَ وَإِسۡحَٰقَ وَيَعۡقُوبَ وَٱلۡأَسۡبَاطَ كَانُواْ هُودًا أَوۡ نَصَٰرَىٰۗ قُلۡ ءَأَنتُمۡ أَعۡلَمُ أَمِ ٱللَّهُۗ وَمَنۡ أَظۡلَمُ مِمَّن كَتَمَ شَهَٰدَةً عِندَهُۥ مِنَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَمَا ٱللَّهُ بِغَٰفِلٍ عَمَّا تَعۡمَلُونَ ﴾

سورة البقرة

140. Or say you that Ibrâhîm (Abraham), Ismâ‘îl (Ishmael), Ishâq (Isaac), Ya‘qûb (Jacob) and Al-Asbât [the offspring of the twelve sons of Ya‘qûb (Jacob)] were Jews or Christians? Say, "Do you know better or does Allâh (knows better ... that they all were Muslims)? And who is more unjust than he who conceals the testimony [i.e. to believe in Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم when he comes, as is written in their Books. (See Verse 7:157)] he has from Allâh? And Allâh is not unaware of what you do."

﴿ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ لَيُسَمُّونَ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةَ تَسۡمِيَةَ ٱلۡأُنثَىٰ ﴾

سورة النجم

27. Verily, those who believe not in the Hereafter, name the angels with female names.

﴿ وَٱلَّذِينَ كَسَبُواْ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ جَزَآءُ سَيِّئَةِۭ بِمِثۡلِهَا وَتَرۡهَقُهُمۡ ذِلَّةٞۖ مَّا لَهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ مِنۡ عَاصِمٖۖ كَأَنَّمَآ أُغۡشِيَتۡ وُجُوهُهُمۡ قِطَعٗا مِّنَ ٱلَّيۡلِ مُظۡلِمًاۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلنَّارِۖ هُمۡ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ ﴾

سورة يونس

As for those who commit evil deeds, the recompense of an evil deed is the like thereof, and humiliation will cover them[30] – there will be none to protect them from Allah – as if their faces were covered with patches of the darkest night. It is they who are the people of the Fire, they will abide therein forever.

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‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to offer thirteen Rak‘ahs in the night prayer including Witr, plus two (voluntary) Rak‘ahs of the Fajr prayer.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reports that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to offer thirteen Rak‘ahs in the night prayer including Witr on a regular basis, regardless of whether it was during Ramadan or not. Likewise, he adhered to offering two voluntary Rak‘ahs of the Fajr prayer. It means that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to do this most of the time. This is because the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was reported to devote himself more in worshiping Allah in the last ten nights of Ramadan than he strives in any other time in the year. It implies that the Rak‘ahs are increased in length, not in number. In fact, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to offer thirteen or eleven Rak‘āhs on some occasions and on other occasions he used to pray less than that.

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Perform Witr prayer before the morning."

Narrated by Muslim

Witr prayer is the last part of the night prayers exactly as Maghrib prayer is the last prayer performed during the daytime, so that it ends with an odd number prayer. The noble Hadīth indicates that the time period for Witr prayer is before the break of the second dawn.

Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If anyone fears that he will not wake up at the end of the night, let him offer Witr prayer at the beginning of the night; and anyone expects to wake up at the end of the night, let him offer Witr prayer at the end of the night. Indeed, prayer at the end of the night is witnessed (by the angels) and that is better."

Narrated by Muslim

The Hadīth indicates that it is permissible for the Muslim to pray Witr at the beginning of the night, especially for the one who fears that he will not wake up at the end of the night. It also emphasizes the preference of offering Witr prayer at the end of the night because it is witnessed by the angels.

Zayd ibn Thābit (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) took for himself a room in the mosque made of straw mats. He prayed in it for a few nights until some people gathered with him for the night prayer. One night they did not hear his voice and thought he had slept, so some of them started to attract his attention to their presence by clearing their throats so that he would come out. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then said: "You kept doing what I saw you doing till I feared that this prayer might become obligatory upon you, and if it were to become obligatory upon you, you would not be able to observe it. O people, pray at your homes, for a person’s best prayer is the one he offers at his home except the obligatory prayer."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

This Hadīth informs us that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) took for himself a room made of straw mats in a corner of the mosque. Apparently, he was observing I‘tikāf and was performing Qiyām in that room. When some Muslims heard him pray, they stood in rows behind him in congregation. They kept doing this for some nights until one night they did not hear his voice. They thought he was asleep so they started to make some sounds so as to wake him up. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came out to them and told them that he was not asleep, but that he feared that if they kept doing this, the voluntary night prayer would become obligatory upon them. He further explained that if it became obligatory to perform the night prayer, they would not be able to observe it. He also informed them that the best voluntary prayer is that offered in one’s house.

Abu Qatādah as-Salami (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When anyone of you enters the mosque, let him offer two Rak‘ahs before he sits down."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) encourages those who come to the mosque and enter it, at any time and for any purpose, to offer two Rak'ahs before sitting down. These two Rak'ah are the two rak'ahs of greeting the mosque.

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to teach us Istikhārah in all matters like a Sūrah of the Qur'an. He used to say: "When one of you intends to do something, let him perform two Rak‘ahs other than the mandatory prayer and then say: "O Allah, I consult You for Your knowledge, and I seek strength from You for Your power, and I ask of Your great bounty. Indeed, You are capable and I am not, and You know and I do not, and You are the All-Knower of the unseen. O Allah, if You know that this matter is good for me in relation to my religion, my livelihood and the consequences of my affairs, (or he said), my immediate and future affairs, then decree it for me, make it easy for me, and then bless it for me. And if You know this matter is bad in relation to my religion, my livelihood or the consequences of my affairs, (or he said) my immediate and future affairs, then turn it away from me, and turn me away from it, and decree for me what is good wherever it may be, and satisfy me with it.'' He said: ''And let him name his need.''

Narrated by Bukhari

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to teach his Companions Istikhārah , showing as much care in doing so as he would when teaching them a chapter from the Qur'an. His teaching was that one prays two voluntary Rak‘ahs. After finishing the prayer, one should ask Allah to guide him to the best of the two or multiple affairs he is considering, because Allah knows the essence and details of everything. Only the One who knows well knows which of two things is better. No one knows the best of the choices, except the One with knowledge. This description applies to Allah alone. One should also seek power from Allah for the best of affairs for him. One should further ask from Allah's great bounty, because Allah has power over all exigencies that man's will is attached to. Man does not have such power. Also, Allah knows everything as a whole and in its constituent parts, whereas man knows nothing except what Allah teaches him. Nothing of the unseen eludes Allah's knowledge. One should name his need and ask Allah to make it easy and blessed for him, and that it should be good for his religious or worldly wellbeing. Meanwhile, if it will diminish one's religion or life, one should pray that Allah keeps it away and decrees something that is good and satisfactory instead of it.

‘Ā'ishah bint Abu Bakr As-Siddīq (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) did not observe a voluntary prayer more regularly than the two Rak‘ahs of Fajr. Another narration reads: "The two Rak‘ahs of Fajr are better than the entire world.”

Narrated by Muslim - Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

This Hadīth shows the importance of the two confirmed supererogatory Rak‘ahs of Fajr. ‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) mentioned that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) affirmed them and emphasized their significance by what he did, as he used to regularly observe them, and by saying that they are better than the world and everything therein.

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Make haste to perform the Witr prayer before the morning."

Narrated by Muslim

The Hadīth indicates the recommendation to delay the Witr prayer until the last part of the night. However, the one who delays his Witr prayer to the last part of the night should be cautious to perform it before dawn. The time for voluntary night prayer ends with the break of dawn, so, if dawn broke before he prays Witr, then he misses the virtue of this prayer.

Sālim ibn ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported from his father that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What an excellent man ‘Abdullāh is if only he observes the night prayer." Sālim said: "Since then, ‘Abdullāh would not sleep at night but very little."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said that ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar was a righteous man and encouraged him to perform Qiyām. So, since then, he used to sleep very little at night.

‘Ā'ishah and Al-Mughīrah ibn Shu‘bah (may Allah be pleased with both of them) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to stand in prayer at night until the skin of his feet would crack. I (‘Ā'ishah) asked him: "O Messenger of Allah, why are you doing this while your past and future sins have been forgiven for you?" He said: "Should I not like to be a grateful slave (of Allah)?"

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim