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﴿ فَبِأَيِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ ﴾

سورة الرحمن

63. Then which of the Blessings of your Lord will you both (jinn and men) deny?

﴿ مَا ٱلۡحَآقَّةُ ﴾

سورة الحاقة

2. What is the Inevitable?

﴿ فَٱلۡتَقَطَهُۥٓ ءَالُ فِرۡعَوۡنَ لِيَكُونَ لَهُمۡ عَدُوّٗا وَحَزَنًاۗ إِنَّ فِرۡعَوۡنَ وَهَٰمَٰنَ وَجُنُودَهُمَا كَانُواْ خَٰطِـِٔينَ ﴾

سورة القصص

8. Then the household of Fir‘aun (Pharaoh) picked him up, that he might become for them an enemy and a (cause of) grief. Verily, Fir‘aun (Pharaoh), Hâmân and their hosts were sinners.

﴿ وَأۡمُرۡ أَهۡلَكَ بِٱلصَّلَوٰةِ وَٱصۡطَبِرۡ عَلَيۡهَاۖ لَا نَسۡـَٔلُكَ رِزۡقٗاۖ نَّحۡنُ نَرۡزُقُكَۗ وَٱلۡعَٰقِبَةُ لِلتَّقۡوَىٰ ﴾

سورة طه

132. And enjoin As-Salât (the prayer) on your family, and be patient in offering them [i.e. the Salât (prayers)]. We ask not of you a provision (i.e. to give Us something: money): We provide for you. And the good end (i.e. Paradise) is for the Muttaqûn (the pious - See V.2:2).

﴿ وَلَقَدۡ صَرَّفۡنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِي هَٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ مِن كُلِّ مَثَلٖ فَأَبَىٰٓ أَكۡثَرُ ٱلنَّاسِ إِلَّا كُفُورٗا ﴾

سورة الإسراء

And We have certainly diversified for the people in this Qur’ān from every [kind of] example, but most of the people refused except disbelief.

﴿ إِذۡ قَالَ لَهُۥ رَبُّهُۥٓ أَسۡلِمۡۖ قَالَ أَسۡلَمۡتُ لِرَبِّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ﴾

سورة البقرة

131. When his Lord said to him, "Submit (i.e. be a Muslim)!" He said, "I have submitted myself (as a Muslim) to the Lord of the ‘Âlamîn (mankind, jinn and all that exists)."

﴿ الٓرۚ تِلۡكَ ءَايَٰتُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ ٱلۡمُبِينِ ﴾

سورة يوسف

Alif Lām Ra[1]. These are the verses of the clear Book.

﴿ أَمۡ عِندَهُمۡ خَزَآئِنُ رَحۡمَةِ رَبِّكَ ٱلۡعَزِيزِ ٱلۡوَهَّابِ ﴾

سورة ص

Or do they have the depositories of the mercy of your Lord, the Exalted in Might, the Bestower?[1320]

﴿ أَفَحُكۡمَ ٱلۡجَٰهِلِيَّةِ يَبۡغُونَۚ وَمَنۡ أَحۡسَنُ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ حُكۡمٗا لِّقَوۡمٖ يُوقِنُونَ ﴾

سورة المائدة

50. Do they then seek the judgement of (the days of) Ignorance?[17] And who is better in judgement than Allâh for a people who have firm Faith.

﴿ تَرَى ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ مُشۡفِقِينَ مِمَّا كَسَبُواْ وَهُوَ وَاقِعُۢ بِهِمۡۗ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ فِي رَوۡضَاتِ ٱلۡجَنَّاتِۖ لَهُم مَّا يَشَآءُونَ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ ٱلۡفَضۡلُ ٱلۡكَبِيرُ ﴾

سورة الشورى

You will see the wrongdoers apprehensive about what they have earned, which will inevitably befall them. But those who believe and do righteous deeds will be in meadows of the Gardens. They will have whatever they wish with their Lord; that is the great bounty.

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Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The Hour will not appear until you fight the non-Arab Khudh and Kirman. They are red faced, flat nosed, and small eyed. Their faces are like shields coated with leather and their shoes are made of hair."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Hour will not appear until the Muslims fight the people of Khudh and Kirman from the non-Arab lands. They are described as having white reddish faces, due to the effect of the cold on their bodies. Their noses are flat and their eyes are small. Their faces are like flat round shields “coated with leather,” to indicate their chubbiness and they walk in shoes made of hair.

Khālid ibn ‘Urfutah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: "O Khālid, after me, events, trials, and divergence will occur. So if you can be the servant of Allah who is killed, and not the one killing, then do so."

Narrated by Ahmad

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) told Khālid ibn ‘Urfutah that there will be differences, wars, and trials in the future. For example, the Muslim Ummah will not have a ruler at all, or there will be a leader for each territory. Therefore, dissensions and wars will arise among them. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Khālid to isolate himself from such temptations and not engage in them; to be killed unjustly would be better for him than to kill a Muslim. In this case, it is recommended to confine oneself to one's house or to completely move from the affected country. However, there is a proof that one may defend oneself, one's family, and one's property at times of tribulation. He is to be excused for killing or being killed, unless corruption and conflicts arise from that. If the Muslims are united around an Imām, regardless of whether he is just or despotic, and a group of people rebel against him, and they have some power and want to create dissension, then the Imām should communicate with them. If they refuse to obey him and scared the Muslims, then the Imām should fight them so as to restrain their evil. The people should side with the Imām in fighting those rebels until they come back in conciliation, return to Allah's commands, and obey the leadership. This applies to oppressors as well as those who rebel against the ruler and leave his obedience.

Abu Burdah ibn Abi Mūsa (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Abu Mūsa was in such severe pain that he lost consciousness while his head was in the lap of a woman from his family, and he was unable to respond to her in any way. Upon regaining his consciousness, he said: I dissociate myself from whoever the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) dissociated himself from. Verily, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) disavowed the Sāliqah (wailing woman), the Hāliqah (shaving woman), and the Shāqqah (woman tearing garment).

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Abu Burdah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that his father, Abu Mūsa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him), got severely sick and lost consciousness. His head was in the lap of a woman from his family, so she screamed and wailed, but he could not respond to her because of being unconscious. When he regained his consciousness, he said that: He dissociates himself from whoever the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) dissociated himself from, and he (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) dissociated himself from the: Sāliqah: a woman who raises her voice in wailing upon calamity. Hāliqah: a woman who shaves her hair upon calamity. Shāqqah: a woman who tears her garment upon calamity. This is because they are from the practices of the pre-Islamic era of ignorance. Instead, one is commanded to be patient in times of calamity and to seek reward from Allah for it.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The strong believer is better and dearer to Allah than the weak believer, and there is good in both. Adhere to whatever brings you benefit, seek the help of Allah, and do not feel helpless. If something befalls you, do not say: 'Had I done such-and-such, it would have been such-and-such;' rather, say: 'Allah has decreed, and whatever He wills, He does.' Indeed, 'if' opens the way before the devil to act."

Narrated by Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarifies that the believer is good from all aspects; however, the believer who is strong in his faith, resolve, property, and other aspects of strength is better and dearer to Allah Almighty than the weak believer. Then, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) advised the believer to utilize the available means in what brings him benefit in his worldly affairs and the affairs of the Hereafter, along with depending upon Allah Almighty, seeking His help, and relying upon Him. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), then, forbids inability, indolence, and slackness in doing what brings benefit in both abodes. If the believer works hard and utilizes the available means while seeking Allah's help and asking Him for goodness, then he should do nothing but entrust all of his affairs to Allah while knowing that Allah's choice is the best. If some calamity befalls him after that, he should not say: "Had I done such-and-such, it would have been such-and-such." "Indeed, 'if' opens the way before the devil to act" in objecting to the divine decree and lamenting what has been missed. Instead, one should submissively and contentedly say: "Allah has decreed, and whatever He wills, He does." Everything happens in compliance with Allah's will, as He does what He wants and nothing can repel His predestination or reverse His decree.

Ibn Ad-Daylami reported: 'I went to Ubayy ibn Ka‘b and said: "There is something in my heart about predestination, so tell me something in the hope that Allah will remove it from my heart." He said: "If you spend the like of Uhud in gold, Allah will not accept it from you until you believe in predestination, and know that what has befallen you would not have missed you and what has missed you would not have befallen you. If you die on other than this, you will be among the people of Hellfire." He added: "Then, I went to ‘Abdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd, Hudhayfah ibn al-Yamān, and Zayd ibn Thābit, and each of them told me the same thing on the authority of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him).''

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad

‘Abdullāh ibn Fayrūz Ad-Daylami (may Allah have mercy upon him) said that he had some doubts about predestination and feared that he would end up denying it. Therefore, he asked some scholars from among the Companions of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) about it in order to solve this problem. This shows that a believer ought to ask scholars about things that are confusing him, as Allah, the Almighty, says: {So ask the people of the message [i.e., former scriptures] if you do not know} [Sūrat An-Nahl: 43]. All the scholars told him that he must believe in the Divine Decree and predestination. They also told him that spending a great amount of wealth would not be accepted from anyone who does not believe in predestination, and that anyone who dies without believing in it will be one of the denizens of the Hellfire.

‘Ubādah ibn As-Sāmit (may Allah be pleased with him) said to his son: "O Son, you will not taste true faith until you know that whatever has come to you would never have missed you, and that whatever has missed you would never have come to you. I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'The first thing Allah created was the Pen. He commanded it to write. It said: 'My Lord, what shall I write?' He said: 'Write down what has been ordained for all things until the establishment of the Hour.'" O Son, I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'Whoever dies believing otherwise does not belong to me.'" In a narration by Imām Ahmad: "Verily, the first thing Allah, the Almighty, created was the Pen. He said to it: ‘Write.’ So in that very hour it wrote down all what was to occur up to the Day of Judgment." In a narration by Ibn Wahb, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "So, whoever disbelieved in fate, the good and the bad thereof, Allah will burn him with the Hellfire.”

Ibn Wahb in Al-Qadar - Narrated by At-Termedhy - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad

‘Ubādah ibn As-Sāmit (may Allah be pleased with him) gave his son, al-Walīd, the valuable advice to believe in fate, the good and bad thereof, and explained to him the good consequences of believing in it and the evil consequences of denying it in this world and the next. He supported his advice to his son with the Hadīth of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) that states that Allah has decreed the fates of all creatures and ordered the Pen to write them before these creatures came to existence. Hence, nothing in the universe, until the advent of the Hour, occurs except that it was preordained by Allah.

‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: "We were attending a funeral at Baqī‘ aI-Gharqad (Muslim cemetery in Madīnah). The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came to us and sat down, and we sat down around him. He had a small stick in his hand. He lowered his head and started scraping the ground with the stick, then said: "There is none among you, except that his seat in Paradise or in Hell is decreed." They said: "O Messenger of Allah, should we depend on what has been decreed for us?" The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Exert the effort, for everyone will find it easy to do such deeds that will lead him to what he was created for..." Then he mentioned the rest of the Hadīth.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Companions (may Allah be pleased with him) were attending the funeral of one of them in the cemetery of the people of Madīnah. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sat among them with a stick in his hand. He lowered his head towards the ground, as if he was thinking deeply and greatly concerned about something. He started to scratch the ground with the stick, then said that Allah, the Almighty, has decreed the fates of people and determined their seats in Paradise and Hell. When the Companions heard that, they said: If the fate of those who will be wretched and those who will be prosperous, those who will be in Paradise and those who will be in Hell, has already been predetermined and decreed, why should we not give up doing good deeds; for exerting effort is useless, given the fact that everything is decreed and predestined? The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) answered that they should work hard and not rely upon the good and evil which Allah has predestined. Instead, they have to do what they are commanded to do, and refrain from what they are forbidden from doing. Indeed, Paradise and Hell are attained by people's deeds; those who do the deeds of the people of Paradise shall enter Paradise, and those who do the deeds of the people of Hell shall enter Hell. Everyone will find it easy to do such deeds that lead him to what he was created for, be it good or evil. Therefore, whoever is decreed to be among the prosperous, Allah will lead him to do the deeds of the prosperous, and whoever is decreed to be among the wretched, Allah will lead him to do the deeds of the wretched.

‘Umar al-Juma‘i (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When Allah wills good for a slave, He uses him before he dies." A man asked: "What does that mean, to use him?" The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah, the Exalted, guides him to do righteous deeds before he dies, then He takes his soul while he is in that state."

Narrated by Ahmad

When Allah, the Exalted, wills good for one of his slaves, He guides him to do righteous deeds before he dies so that he dies whilst doing those righteous deeds. Thus, he is blessed with a good end and hence enters Paradise.

Tāwūs reported: I found some of the Prophet's Companions say: "Everything is decreed." I heard ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar say: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Everything is decreed, even incapacity and capacity, or capacity and incapacity."

Narrated by Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) pointed out that everything is decreed, even incapacity, which is failure to do what should be done - in matters of this world and the Hereafter - and procrastinating and delaying it beyond its due time; and even capacity, which is vigor and proficiency in matters of worldly life and the Hereafter; and that Allah Almighty had predestined capacity and incapacity, and everything that happens in the universe had already been known and willed by Allah.

Matar ibn ‘Ukāmis reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If Allah decreed that someone should die in a certain land, He makes for him a reason to go there."

Narrated by At-Termedhy