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﴿ وَإِنِّي خِفۡتُ ٱلۡمَوَٰلِيَ مِن وَرَآءِي وَكَانَتِ ٱمۡرَأَتِي عَاقِرٗا فَهَبۡ لِي مِن لَّدُنكَ وَلِيّٗا ﴾

سورة مريم

And I fear my kinsmen after me,[3] and my wife is barren; so grant me from Yourself an heir,

﴿ إِنَّ هَٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ يَهۡدِي لِلَّتِي هِيَ أَقۡوَمُ وَيُبَشِّرُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَعۡمَلُونَ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ أَنَّ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرٗا كَبِيرٗا ﴾

سورة الإسراء

9. Verily, this Qur’ân guides to that which is most just and right and gives glad tidings to the believers (in the Oneness of Allâh and His Messenger, Muhammad صلى الله عليه و سلم), who work deeds of righteousness, that they shall have a great reward (Paradise).

﴿ وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤۡمِنٍ أَن يَقۡتُلَ مُؤۡمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَـٔٗاۚ وَمَن قَتَلَ مُؤۡمِنًا خَطَـٔٗا فَتَحۡرِيرُ رَقَبَةٖ مُّؤۡمِنَةٖ وَدِيَةٞ مُّسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَىٰٓ أَهۡلِهِۦٓ إِلَّآ أَن يَصَّدَّقُواْۚ فَإِن كَانَ مِن قَوۡمٍ عَدُوّٖ لَّكُمۡ وَهُوَ مُؤۡمِنٞ فَتَحۡرِيرُ رَقَبَةٖ مُّؤۡمِنَةٖۖ وَإِن كَانَ مِن قَوۡمِۭ بَيۡنَكُمۡ وَبَيۡنَهُم مِّيثَٰقٞ فَدِيَةٞ مُّسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَىٰٓ أَهۡلِهِۦ وَتَحۡرِيرُ رَقَبَةٖ مُّؤۡمِنَةٖۖ فَمَن لَّمۡ يَجِدۡ فَصِيَامُ شَهۡرَيۡنِ مُتَتَابِعَيۡنِ تَوۡبَةٗ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗا ﴾

سورة النساء

92. It is not for a believer to kill a believer except (that it be) by mistake; and whosoever kills a believer by mistake, (it is ordained that) he must set free a believing slave and a compensation (blood-money, i.e. Diya) be given to the deceased’s family unless they remit it. If the deceased belonged to a people at war with you and he was a believer, the freeing of a believing slave (is prescribed); and if he belonged to a people with whom you have a treaty of mutual alliance, compensation (blood-money - Diya) must be paid to his family, and a believing slave must be freed. And whoso finds this (the penance of freeing a slave) beyond his means, he must fast for two consecutive months in order to seek repentance from Allâh. And Allâh is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.

﴿ وَبُسَّتِ ٱلۡجِبَالُ بَسّٗا ﴾

سورة الواقعة

5. And the mountains will be powdered to dust,

﴿ قَالَ أَوۡسَطُهُمۡ أَلَمۡ أَقُل لَّكُمۡ لَوۡلَا تُسَبِّحُونَ ﴾

سورة القلم

The best among them said, “Did I not say to you to glorify Allah[6]?”

﴿ إِلَّآ أَن يَشَآءَ ٱللَّهُۚ وَٱذۡكُر رَّبَّكَ إِذَا نَسِيتَ وَقُلۡ عَسَىٰٓ أَن يَهۡدِيَنِ رَبِّي لِأَقۡرَبَ مِنۡ هَٰذَا رَشَدٗا ﴾

سورة الكهف

without adding, “if Allah wills.” And remember your Lord if you forget, and say, “My Lord will hopefully guide me to something closer to what is right[16].”

﴿ وَلَقَدۡ أَنزَلۡنَآ إِلَيۡكَ ءَايَٰتِۭ بَيِّنَٰتٖۖ وَمَا يَكۡفُرُ بِهَآ إِلَّا ٱلۡفَٰسِقُونَ ﴾

سورة البقرة

99. And indeed We have sent down to you manifest Ayât (these Verses of the Qur’ân which inform in detail about the news of the Jews and their secret intentions, etc.), and none disbelieve in them but Fâsiqûn (those who rebel against Allâh’s Command).

﴿ وَمَنۡ خَفَّتۡ مَوَٰزِينُهُۥ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ خَسِرُوٓاْ أَنفُسَهُم بِمَا كَانُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَا يَظۡلِمُونَ ﴾

سورة الأعراف

And those whose scales are light - they are the ones who will lose themselves for what injustice they were doing toward Our verses.

﴿ وَلَيَالٍ عَشۡرٖ ﴾

سورة الفجر

and the ten nights[1],

﴿ أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ يُجَٰدِلُونَ فِيٓ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ أَنَّىٰ يُصۡرَفُونَ ﴾

سورة غافر

Do you not see those who dispute concerning the signs of Allah, how can they be turned away?

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‘Abdullāh ibn Sarjis (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) traveled, he would seek refuge [in Allah] from the hardships of the journey, from having a change of heart, adverse conditions replacing good ones, the prayer of an oppressed person, and from seeing a misfortune occurring to his family and wealth.

Narrated by Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to seek refuge in Allah from the hardships of travel or that he would return from a journey sad due to a calamity that had befallen his family or wealth. He would likewise seek refuge in Allah from adverse conditions and would pray that Allah would save him from the supplications of the oppressed.

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Whenever the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) mounted his camel while setting out on a journey, he would say Takbīr three times and then say: "Glory be to the One who subdued this (ride) for us and we were not ourselves powerful enough to use it as a ride, and to our Lord we shall, indeed, return. O Allah, we ask You during this journey of ours for righteousness, piety, and such deeds that are pleasing to You. O Allah, make easy for us this journey of ours and make the distance short for us. O Allah, You are the Companion during the journey and the Guardian of the family and the property in our absence. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the hardships of traveling, unhappiness connected with ghastly scenes, and the evil turns in property and family." On returning, he would recite this supplication, while adding these words: "We are those who return; those who repent; those who worship; and those who praise our Lord." In another narration: “Whenever the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) returned from Hajj or ‘Umrah and ascended a height or hill, he would say Takbīr three times and say: there is no god but Allah, who has no partner; to Him belongs the sovereignty and due to Him is all praise; and He is omnipotent over all things. We are those who return; those who repent; those who worship; those who prostrate; and those who praise our Lord. Allah has fulfilled His promise, granted His slave victory, and vanquished the confederates alone." In a different wording: “Whenever he returned from battles, Hajj or ‘Umrah.”

Narrated by Muslim

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) informs us in this Hadīth that whenever the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prepared to travel and mounted his ride, he would proclaim the greatness of Allah and say this supplication, which involves a number of sublime meanings, one of which is declaring Allah, the Almighty, far exalted above any need or deficiency. It also expresses a person's appreciation for the favors of Allah. Moreover, the Hadīth asserts one's complete lack of might and power, and his admission that he will return to Allah, the Almighty. Then, it comprises invocation to Allah to bestow His favors and grace and to endow the supplicant with piety and guide him to those deeds that please Him and that He accepts. Also in the Hadīth, the supplicant relies on Allah, the Almighty, and leaves all affairs to Him. Allah, the Almighty, is also implored to preserve the supplicant and his relatives and to ease the hardship of traveling and provide refuge from its evil and harm, like returning and seeing anything unpleasant in his family, property, or children. In the other narration, Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) relates that whenever the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) returned from a trip, he would say the above-mentioned supplication and make this addition: We are those who return; those who repent; those who worship; and those who praise our Lord – grateful to Him for our safe return. Whenever the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) stood on a high place, he would proclaim the greatness of Allah – thus standing humble before His majesty and power – and say: “there is no god but Allah, Who has no partner”, acknowledging the uniqueness and Oneness of Allah in His divinity, lordship, and names and attributes, and that He supports His close servants and allies and makes them victorious.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When any one of you goes to his bed, let him dust off his bed with the end of his lower garment, for indeed he does not know what came unto it after he had left it. Then one should say: 'In Your Name, O my Lord, I place my side (on the bed), and by You I will lift it. If You take my soul, then have mercy on it, and if You send it, then protect it as You protect Your righteous slaves.'"

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

This Hadīth talks about the Dhikrs at the time of sleep. It is the moment when one submits his soul to his Lord, a moment in which he possesses neither might nor power. So he leaves it in the hand of its Creator to protect it and return it, as he entrusts his affairs completely to Allah, the Exalted. Scholars stated that the wisdom behind the Dhikr and supplication at the time of sleeping and waking up is to make both the conclusion and commencement of one's deeds an act of obedience. In this blessed Hadīth, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) explains to us the actions and statements which the slave should perform as an act of the Sunnah at the time of sleeping. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) instructed us on the action to be done in that situation when he said: “When any one of you goes to his bed, let him dust off,” and this is because the Arabs used to leave their beds as they were, and it was possible that some harmful insects would enter the bed after one had left it, or it became polluted with dust or the like. So, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that the bed should be dusted off before sleeping. Then he referred to the dusting and cleaning tool saying: “Then let him dust off his bed with the end of his lower garment”, i.e. the end of the under clothes, because it is easier in dusting, and to prevent the external part of the clothes from getting dirty, in addition to the fact that this is a better way for concealing one's private parts. Then the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) explains the reason for this dusting and cleaning: “for indeed he does not know what came unto it after he had left it”, and this indicates the keenness of the Shariah on ensuring the wellness of the body, because the body is the element on which religion is established. This way the explanation of the practical Sunnah, along with its reason, are concluded. Second: The verbal Sunnah: Then the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then one should say: 'In Your Name, O my Lord’”, i.e. in the name of Allah the Most High, the Magnificent, I place this dormant body on the bed. This indicates that it is recommended for a person to remember his Lord at all times. Then he said: “I place my side (on the bed), and by You I will lift it”, i.e. I will not place this body or lift it except accompanied by Your remembrance. Then he said: "If You take my soul, then have mercy on it,” as an allusion to death. His statement, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him: “And if You send it,” as an allusion to life. His statement: “Then protect it as You protect Your righteous slaves”, i.e. protect me and my soul with whatever You protect Your slaves with. It is a general protection from all sins, grave offenses and evils. As he said: “Be mindful of Allah, and Allah will protect you.” This is a general protection, and that is why he made it specific to the righteous. Because the Exalted Lord's protection is attained by righteousness only. Therefore, there is no share for the excessively negligent person concerning Allah’s protection, a special protection that Allah, Exalted, grants His allies and loved ones. However, it is possible that part of the general protection could reach such a negligent person.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Seek refuge with Allah from arduous afflictions, degrading misery, preordained evils, and from the gloating of enemies." In another narration, Sufyān said: "I suspect that I added one of them."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

This Hadīth belongs to the category of "jawāmi‘ al-kalim": the most succinct statements of a few words that imply extensive and comprehensive meanings with great significance in implementation. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sought refuge with Allah from four things. If a person is safe from these four, then he will be safe in this world and the next, and this, indeed, is the ultimate and obvious success. The four things he sought refuge from are: "Jahd al-balā’": intense afflictions and the hardships that accompany them. If trials become severe a person may not be safe from getting angry, annoyed and irritated with what Allah decreed upon him, thus he may lose the reward of the life of this world as well as in the Hereafter. "Dark ash-shaqā’": falling into utter misery. This is general, including primarily misery in the Hereafter since it is ultimate and eternal misery that will never be followed by happiness, or misery the life of this world wherein a person's state changes for the worse with time. One day may make him happy and another may make him miserable. "Sou’ al-qadā’": the preordained evils; i.e. what Allah has decreed upon the servant that the servant perceives to be bad for him. It is general regarding all the affairs in the life of this world such as wealth, children, health, wife, etc., as well as the affairs of the Hereafter. It is important to note here that the preordained evil is considered to be evil from the person's viewpoint. In reality everything that Allah preordains and decrees is good and devoid of any evil whatsoever, as in the statement of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) addressing Allah, the Almighty: "Evil cannot be ascribed to you." Another interpretation suggests that "sou’ al-qadā’" can mean bad judgment, i.e. that the person seeks refuge with Allah from making a bad harmful judgment and ruling. "Shamātat al-a‘dā’": rejoicing and gloating of a person's enemies at his misfortune, a cause of immense grief. The enemies of the Muslim are, in fact, the non-believers who rejoice and celebrate when Muslims dispute with each other, fight each other and humiliate themselves in whatever manner. The inclusion of the enemies of Islam as the interpretation of this Hadīth is a takes precedence over a Muslim's personal enemies (over some worldly affairs), nevertheless this meaning can be included in a secondary way. It is necessary that the Muslim who makes this supplication intends the enemies of Islam primarily then his enemies from among the Muslims secondarily (and only in a just and rightful manner). We ask Allah to make peace among the Muslims.

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to say the following supplications: “O Allah, verily I seek refuge in You from the trial of the Fire, the torment of the Fire, and from the evil of affluence and poverty.”

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by At-Termedhy - Narrated by Abu Daoud

The noble Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sought refuge in Allah from four things. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: “O Allah, verily I seek refuge in You from the trial of the Fire", which means a trial that leads to Hellfire, so that there would be no repetition in the supplication. Trial of the Fire could also mean the question that keepers of the Fire ask to reproach the inmates of Hell. This question was referred to in the verse in which Allah, the Almighty, says: {Every time a company is thrown into it, its keepers ask them: "Did there not come to you a warner?"} [Sūrat al-Mulk: 8] “Torment of the Fire”, means I seek refuge in You that I become one of the inhabitants of the Fire. These are the disbelievers who will be tormented in the Fire. The monotheists, however, will be disciplined and refined by the Fire, not tormented by it. “Torment in the grave”, the grave is the transitory abode where one is placed after death. The word 'grave' is particularly used because this is what commonly happens to people when they die; otherwise, any place where one’s body rests after death is considered one's grave. “Trial of the grave”, refers to the confusion one experiences in answering the two angels. "From the evil trial of affluence", refers to arrogance, tyranny, gaining wealth unlawfully, spending it in disobedience, and boasting of wealth and fame. “From the evil trial of poverty”, refers to envy towards the wealthy, coveting their wealth, and self-abasement by doing what brings disgrace to one's dignity and saps one's religion. Trial of poverty also includes lack of contentment with what Allah portioned for man and other things that could lead to an undesirable end. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sought refuge from the trial of affluence because it motivates man to collect money from unlawful channels and withhold what is required to be spent and given away. What is meant by the trial of poverty is the poverty in which man cannot show patience or religious prudence. This kind of poverty will cause man to behave improperly, not caring what ill-gotten money he gains.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man said: "O Messenger of Allah, I want to set out on a journey, so advise me." He said: "Fear Allah and say 'Allah is the Greatest' upon every elevated place." When the man turned away, he (the Prophet) said: "O Allah, make the distance short for him and make the journey easy for him.”

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by At-Termedhy - Narrated by Ahmad

A man intended to travel so he asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) to advise him. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) advised him to adhere to God-consciousness and to say "Allah is the Greatest " upon every high place. When the man turned away, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked Allah to grant him the required energy and the good mount that would make him reach his destination easily, and to facilitate his journey by removing harms away from him.

Talhah Ibn ‘Ubaydulllāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: On sighting the new moon, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) would say: "O Allah, let this new moon appear on us with security and faith, and with safety and Islam. (O moon) Your Lord and my Lord is Allah. May this new moon be a carrier of guidance and good!"

Ibn Abi Shaybah - Narrated by At-Termedhy - Narrated by Ahmad - Ad-Daarimi

Talhah Ibn ‘Ubaydulllāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that whenever the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) saw the crescent moon on the first, second, or third night of the lunar month, he would say this noble supplication that contains a request to Allah, the Exalted, to let the new moon be accompanied with security against all religious and worldly fears, with persistent and stable faith, and avoidance from deviation. It also contains a request to Allah, the Almighty, to provide safety and Islam. The mentioning of security and safety draws attention to the importance of removing any harm, while mentioning faith and Islam draws attention to the importance of bringing benefits. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ends the supplication saying to the moon that the Lord of them both, the Prophet and the moon, is Allah, the Exalted. This draws attention to the fact that Allah, the Almighty, is far exalted beyond having associates in managing the affairs of His creation. Finally, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) supplicates to Allah, the Almighty, to make this crescent moon a carrier of guidance and good.

Ubayy ibn Ka‘b (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When one-third of the night had passed, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) would get up and call out: 'O people, remember Allah. The Rājifah has come (the first blowing of the Horn which will shake the whole universe and thus cause all life to cease), followed by the Rādifah (the second blowing of the Horn which will restore life and thus mark the Resurrection Day). Death has approached with all that it comprises. Death has approached with all that it comprises." I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I frequently invoke Allah's peace and blessings upon you. How much of my supplication should I devote to you?" He said: "As much as you wish." I said: 'A quarter?' He said: "As much as you wish, and if it is more, then it will be better for you." I said: "Then, one half?" He said: "As much as you wish, and if it is more, then it will be better for you." I said: "Then, two- thirds?" He said: "As much as you wish, and if it is more, then it will be better for you." I said: "Shall I devote all my supplication to invoke Allah's peace and blessings upon you?" He said: "Then, you will be relieved of your worries and your sins will be forgiven."

Narrated by At-Termedhy - Narrated by Ahmad

It is mentioned in the beginning of the Hadīth that when the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) got up after one third of the night had passed, he would say to his followers: "O people, mention Allah," to wake them up from the state of heedlessness, and to encourage them to do the things that will earn them Allah's pleasure and His complete mercy. He reminds them to mention Allah with their tongues and their hearts so that the fruits of Allah's remembrance would lead them to do more good deeds and shun bad deeds. The Hadīth also indicates that the person may have a supplication that he asks for himself, and he may make one third of his supplication for the Prophet by sending peace and blessings upon him. He may also dedicate half of his supplication to the Prophet or even all of it, by invoking Allah's peace and blessings upon him instead of supplicating for himself. It was stated in an authentic Hadīth reported by Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever sends Salāh upon me one time, then Allah will send Salāh upon him ten times." [Muslim 1/306, no. 408] The reward for his Salāh upon the Prophet is sufficient for him, and it is for this reason that he said: ''Then you will be relieved of your worries and your sins will be forgiven." In other words, when you supplicated for yourself, you asked for the removal of harm that causes worries and entails sin. If you send Salāh upon me instead of making this supplication for yourself, then you will be granted what you asked for. Another possible meaning of this Hadīth is dedicating part of his supplication to the Prophet, as if he meant that whenever he supplicated for himself, he invoked Allah's peace and blessings upon the Prophet, so both would go together in compliance with all texts.

Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When we ascended (a high land), we used to say Takbīr, and when we descended, we used to say Tasbīh. Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and his armies, ascended hills, they would say Takbīr, and when they descended, they would say Tasbīh.

Narrated by Bukhari - Narrated by Abu Daoud

The reason for making Takbīr when going up a high place is that people love to be superior and in a higher position due to the feeling of pride and greatness resulted. Therefore, one should belittle oneself by saying "Allah Akbar", meaning Allah is the Greatest. One upon ascending heights needs to remind oneself of Allah's Grandeur and that He is Greater than anything. By doing so, Allah, the Almighty, will appreciate his action and is thankful for his humility and gives him more out of His grace. The reason for making Tasbīh when going down is that low places make one feel constrained, and saying "Subhān Allāh" is a means of relief from constraint and distress. This is what happened in the story of the Prophet Yunus (peace be upon him) who was saved from distress when he made Tasbīh in darkness. Also, going down implies inferiority and humiliation, so the person exalts Allah, Glorified and Exalted, above inferiority and lowness by saying "Subhān Allāh". Indeed, Allah is Above everything. Similarly, one should say Takbīr when the plane takes off and say Tasbīh when it lands. In this case, there will be no difference if ascent and descent occur in the air or on the land. Allah is the Giver of Success!

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri and Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with both of them) reported that they directly heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) saying: "Whoever says, 'there is no god but Allah, and Allah is Greatest,' his Lord affirms it, saying: 'There is no god but Me, and I am Greatest.' When one says, 'there is no god but Allah alone; He has no partner,' Allah says, 'there is no god but Me alone; I have no partner.' When one says: 'There is no god but Allah. To Him is the dominion and to Him is praise,' Allah says: 'There is no god but Me. To Me is the dominion, and to Me is praise.' When one says, 'there is no god but Allah, and there is no might nor power save with Allah,' Allah says: 'There is no god but Me, and there is no might nor power save with Me.' He (the Prophet) used to say: 'Anyone who says this in his illness then dies, the Fire will not consume him.'"

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by At-Termedhy