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﴿ وَشَاهِدٖ وَمَشۡهُودٖ

سورة البروج
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and by the witness and the witnessed,

﴿ يَوۡمَ تَبۡيَضُّ وُجُوهٞ وَتَسۡوَدُّ وُجُوهٞۚ فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ٱسۡوَدَّتۡ وُجُوهُهُمۡ أَكَفَرۡتُم بَعۡدَ إِيمَٰنِكُمۡ فَذُوقُواْ ٱلۡعَذَابَ بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَكۡفُرُونَ

سورة آل عمران
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On the Day [some] faces will turn white and [some] faces will turn black. As for those whose faces turn black, [to them it will be said], "Did you disbelieve [i.e., reject faith] after your belief? Then taste the punishment for what you used to reject."

﴿ يُطَافُ عَلَيۡهِم بِصِحَافٖ مِّن ذَهَبٖ وَأَكۡوَابٖۖ وَفِيهَا مَا تَشۡتَهِيهِ ٱلۡأَنفُسُ وَتَلَذُّ ٱلۡأَعۡيُنُۖ وَأَنتُمۡ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ

سورة الزخرف
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Circulated among them will be plates and vessels of gold. And therein is whatever the souls desire and [what] delights the eyes, and you will abide therein eternally.

﴿ وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ

سورة الشعراء
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Indeed, your Lord is the All-Mighty, the Most Merciful.

﴿ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱجۡتَنِبُواْ كَثِيرٗا مِّنَ ٱلظَّنِّ إِنَّ بَعۡضَ ٱلظَّنِّ إِثۡمٞۖ وَلَا تَجَسَّسُواْ وَلَا يَغۡتَب بَّعۡضُكُم بَعۡضًاۚ أَيُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمۡ أَن يَأۡكُلَ لَحۡمَ أَخِيهِ مَيۡتٗا فَكَرِهۡتُمُوهُۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ تَوَّابٞ رَّحِيمٞ

سورة الحجرات
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12. O you who believe! Avoid much suspicion; indeed some suspicions are sins. And spy not, neither backbite one another. Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? You would hate it (so hate backbiting)[2]. And fear Allâh. Verily, Allâh is the One Who forgives and accepts repentance, Most Merciful.

﴿ فَلَنَقُصَّنَّ عَلَيۡهِم بِعِلۡمٖۖ وَمَا كُنَّا غَآئِبِينَ

سورة الأعراف
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Then We will surely give them a full account [of their deeds] on the basis of knowledge, for We were never absent.

﴿ وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَيۡكَ قُرۡءَانًا عَرَبِيّٗا لِّتُنذِرَ أُمَّ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ وَمَنۡ حَوۡلَهَا وَتُنذِرَ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡجَمۡعِ لَا رَيۡبَ فِيهِۚ فَرِيقٞ فِي ٱلۡجَنَّةِ وَفَرِيقٞ فِي ٱلسَّعِيرِ

سورة الشورى
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Thus We have revealed to you an Arabic Qur’an, so that you may warn the Mother Town[4] and all those around it[5], and warn them of the Day of Gathering, about which there is no doubt; one party will be in Paradise and the other in the Blaze.

﴿ وَعَلَّمَ ءَادَمَ ٱلۡأَسۡمَآءَ كُلَّهَا ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُمۡ عَلَى ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ فَقَالَ أَنۢبِـُٔونِي بِأَسۡمَآءِ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَٰدِقِينَ

سورة البقرة
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And He taught Adam the names - all of them. Then He showed them to the angels and said, "Inform Me of the names of these, if you are truthful."

﴿ فَأَخَذَهُ ٱللَّهُ نَكَالَ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ وَٱلۡأُولَىٰٓ

سورة النازعات
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So Allāh seized him in exemplary punishment for the last and the first [transgression].[1844].

﴿ كَلَّا لَمَّا يَقۡضِ مَآ أَمَرَهُۥ

سورة عبس
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23. Nay, but (man) has not done what He commanded him.

Zayd ibn Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We set out with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on one of his travels, and on the way the provisions became very scarce. ‘Abdullāh ibn Ubayy said: "Do not spend on those with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) until they disband." He also said: "If we return to Madīnah, surely the more honorable will expel therefrom the more humble." I went to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him of what he had said. So he sent for ‘Abdullāh ibn Ubayy, who denied it and swore that he did not say that. The people started saying: "Zayd lied to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him)." I was hurt by what they said: until Allah, the Almighty, revealed that I had told the truth in the verses: {If the hypocrites come to you...} [Sūrat al-Munāfiqūn] Later, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) invited them (the hypocrites) to ask for forgiveness for them, but they turned their heads aside (in rejection)."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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What he meant by the more honorable was himself and his people, and by that Zayd ibn Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) recounts that he was traveling with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and there were believers and hypocrites with him. During the journey, the people were suffering severe distress due to a lack of provisions. ‘Abdullāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl (the head of disbelief and hypocrisy) spoke to the people, saying: {Do not spend on those with the Messenger of Allah until they disband} [Sūrat al-Munāfiqūn: 7]. What he meant was: do not give them any money, so they would suffer hunger and therefore disband and leave the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). He also said: {If we return to Madīnah, surely the more honorable will expel therefrom the more humble} [Sūrat al-Munāfiqūn: 8], meaning the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). When Zayd ibn Arqam heard what Ibn Salūl said: He went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him of what ‘Abdullāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl had said to warn him of his evil. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) summoned Ibn Salūl, who swore emphatically that he had not said those things. This is the habit of the hypocrites; they can swear a false oath knowing that they are lying. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to accept their overt (deeds) and leave their covert (intentions) to Allah to judge. When Zayd ibn Arqam heard that Ibn Salūl had sworn that he had never made those statements, he was deeply distressed, because the man had sworn and taken an oath before the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). The people said: "Zayd ibn Arqam lied to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him)." However, soon Allah, the Almighty, exonerated Zayd and showed him to have been truthful through the verses of Sūrat al-Munāfiqūn. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then invited the hypocrites and their chief, ‘Abdullāh ibn Ubayy, to ask Allah for forgiveness for them for the foul statements they had made. They rejected his invitation in arrogance and in contempt of the fact that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was seeking forgiveness for them from Allah, the Almighty.

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I do not think that so-and-so and so-and-so know anything about our religion." Al-Layth ibn Sa‘d (one of the narrators of the Hadīth) said: "These two men were from the hypocrites."

Narrated by Bukhari
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‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informed her about two men and mentioned that they knew nothing about Islam, because they were showing Islam and hiding their disbelief. The fact that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned these two men in their absence is not considered backbiting, which is forbidden; rather, it is necessary to disclose their reality, so that people who do not know them would not be deceived by their apparent status. The Prophet's statement in this context implies certainty, because the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was in fact aware of the hypocrites through revelation from Allah in Sūrat At-Tawbah. Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We used to call Sūrat At-Tawbah "Al-Fādihah" (the exposing chapter). Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The verses continued to be revealed and exposing the hypocrites until we were worried (lest we should be counted among them)."

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The majority of the hypocrites of this Ummah are its reciters."

Narrated by Ahmad
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The Hadīth contains criticism of the reciters of the Qur’an who misinterpret it and misapply it or memorize the Qur’an as a means of dissimulation and to avert suspicion away from themselves. However, they do not act according to the Qur’an and their beliefs are contrary to it. The Hadīth states that these reciters are the majority of the hypocrites of this Ummah (community). Some scholars stated that the Hadīth refers to hypocrisy of actions, and not belief. This is because a hypocrite outwardly shows belief in Allah and hides his disbelief in order to protect his life and property. Likewise, the reciter outwardly shows by his actions that he wants the reward of the Hereafter, while he hides the fact that he wants to be praised by people and gain worldly benefit. Therefore, the reciter and the hypocrite are similar in that their internal state contradicts their external state.

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Beware! Every object of pride of the pre-Islamic times, whether it is blood-vengeance or property, or mentioned or claimed, has been put under my feet, except the supply of water to pilgrims and the custody of the House." He then said: "Beware! The blood-money for unintentional killing, such as is done with a whip and stick, is one hundred camels, forty of which are pregnant."

Narrated by Ibn Majah
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The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said in his speech on the Day of the Conquest of Makkah that everything that is proudly mentioned of the pre-Islamic times is void and worthless. The only exceptions are supplying pilgrims with water and serving the Sacred House. These two things would maintain their previous status. In the pre-Islamic times, the Hijābah (general maintenance of the Ka‘bah) belonged to the Banu ‘Abd Ad-Dār, and the Siqāyah (providing water for the pilgrims) belonged to the Banu Hāshim. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) approved such assignments. Then he mentioned that the semi-intentional killing, which is to hit someone with a tool that does not kill, such as a whip or a stick, entails full blood money, meaning one hundred camels, forty of which are pregnant.

‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) set out for Badr. When he reached Harrat al-Wabarah, a man met him who was known for his courage and support of others. The Companions of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) were pleased to see him. He said: "I have come so that I may follow you and get a share from the booty." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Do you believe in Allah and His Messenger?" He said: 'No.' The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then go back, for I will not seek help from a polytheist." He went on until we reached Ash-Shajarah, where the man met him again. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked him the same question again, and the man gave him the same answer. he said: "Then go back, for I will not seek help from a polytheist." The man returned and overtook him at Baydā'. He asked him as he had asked previously: "Do you believe in Allah and His Messenger?" The man said: 'Yes.' The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Then come along with us."

Narrated by Muslim
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This Hadīth shows that when the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) set forth to fight the disbelievers on the Day of Badr, a polytheist who was strong and courageous followed him to fight with him and get a share of the booty. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked him whether he believed in Allah and the Last Day, and the man told him that he did not. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) stated that he would not seek the help of a polytheist, for polytheists are not to be trusted with protecting the believers. Treacherous as they could be, they might convey the news of Muslims to the disbelievers. However, the man came again to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who then asked him whether he became a Muslim, and the answered in the affirmative. Hence, he asked him to join the army. The point of the Hadīth is that it is not permissible to seek the help of the polytheists in fighting, although it is permissible in the case of need and necessity, as indicated by other proofs.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Faith has over seventy branches or over sixty branches, the most excellent of which is the declaration that there is no god but Allah, and the lowest of which is the removal of what is harmful from the path; and modesty is a branch of faith."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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Faith is not one aspect or one part. Rather, it consists of many branches, more than sixty or seventy. The best of these, however, is one single statement: "There is no god but Allah." And the simplest of them is removing anything harmful to passersby, be it a stone, a thorn, or anything else. And modesty is a branch of faith. So righteous deeds are part of faith, as held by Ahl As-Sunnah Wa al-Jamā‘ah and proven true by the Shar‘i proofs, including this Hadīth.

Abu Mūsa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever carries weapons against us is not one of us."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) warns against carrying weapons against Muslims to intimidate or rob them. Whoever does so unjustly has committed a serious crime and a major sin and deserves this stern warning.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said on the Day of Khaybar: "Verily, I shall give this banner to a man who loves Allah and His Messenger, and Allah will grant victory at his hands." ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb said: I never liked leadership except on that day. He said: I kept showing myself in the hope that I might be called for it. He said: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) called ‘Ali ibn Abi Tālib and gave it to him and said: "Proceed and do not look back until Allah grants you victory." He said: ‘Ali walked for a while and then stopped without looking back and shouted: O Messenger of Allah, on what should I fight the people? He said: "Fight them until they testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. If they do so, their blood and properties become inviolable for you, except what is rightly justified, and their reckoning is with Allah."

Narrated by Muslim
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The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informed the Companions that Muslims would win victory over the Jews of Khaybar, a city near Madīnah, the following day at the hands of a man whom he would give the banner, i.e., the flag that the army takes as its slogan. Among the traits of this man is that he loves Allah and His Messenger, and Allah and His Messenger love him. ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) mentioned that he never liked the idea of leadership or being one meant except that day in the hope that he might be the one to win the love of Allah and His Messenger that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned. ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) stretched his body to be seen by the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), hoping that he would be called for that mission and out of keenness to take this banner. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) called ‘Ali ibn Abi Tālib (may Allah be pleased with him) and gave him the banner and ordered him to proceed with the army and not to quit the fight after encountering his enemy, for rest, a pause, or a truce until Allah grants him victory and dominance over these fortresses. ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) proceeded, then he stopped but without looking back so as not to disobey the Prophet's command. He raised his voice and said: O Messenger of Allah, on what should I fight the people? He (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: Fight them until they testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. If they respond and embrace Islam, then their blood and properties become inviolable and unlawful for you except what is rightly justified, i.e., unless they commit a crime or felony for which they deserve to be killed in compliance with the rulings of Islam, and their reckoning is with Allah.

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not revile my Companions, for if anyone of you spends gold equal to Mount ’Uhud (in Allah's cause), it will not be equal to a Mudd or even half a Mudd spent by one of them."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade cursing the Companions, especially the earlier forerunners among the Muhājirīn and the Ansār. He informed that if anyone spent gold equal to Mount ’Uhud, his reward would not reach the reward of any of the Companions spending a Mudd of food or half of it - a Mudd is enough to fill the palms of an average man. This is due to their great sincerity and truthful intentions and because they spent and fought before the Conquest of Makkah when there was a great need for that.

Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Those who took part in Badr and Al-Hudaybiyah will not enter Hellfire."

Narrated by Ahmad
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The Hadīth means that those who participated in the battle of Badr and the treaty of Al-Hudaybiyah along with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) will not enter Hellfire, which is great news for them.

If someone intends to do a good deed but was prevented by a valid excuse, he shall gain the reward of his intention.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

Variation of reward for good deeds is based on sincerity and following of the Prophet’s guidance. The more a person is sincere to Allah, and the keener he is on following the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), the more perfect his worship will be, and consequently his reward will be bigger.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

People differ with regards to their acts of worship according to their intentions. The intentions of some people have reached the ultimate level of sincerity (to Allah) and keenness in following the Sunnah (of the Messenger of Allah) with regard to doing good and righteous deeds, while the intentions of others are below that.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

Anyone partaking a role with transgressors and wrongdoers will share their punishment because it is inclusive.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

If someone intends to do a good deed but was prevented by a valid excuse, he shall gain the reward of his intention.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

Actions are recompensed according to the intentions behind them, and the individual shall receive the reward of what he intended even if the outcome was contrary to his intention.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

There is not a single good deed intended sincerely to please Allah except that its doer will be raised in rank and status thereby, so that he would reap the full reward.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

Love and contentment is measured by good deeds and intentions because they are the criteria for Allah’s acceptance of the servant; perhaps a small deed reaps great reward because of the intention behind it and perhaps a big deed reaps little reward because of the intention behind it

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

One of the proofs Allah supports the servant is the latter’s sincere endeavor to rectify his intention and purify his heart by good deeds.

هدايات لشرح رياض الصالحين

The path of Allah is one whereas the paths of the devil are many; and a truly guided individual is he whom Allah Almighty guided to His path. Allah Almighty said: {This is My straight path; follow it and do not follow other ways, lest they lead you away from His way.} [Surat al-An‘ām: 153]

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits