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﴿ وَإِن جَٰهَدَاكَ عَلَىٰٓ أَن تُشۡرِكَ بِي مَا لَيۡسَ لَكَ بِهِۦ عِلۡمٞ فَلَا تُطِعۡهُمَاۖ وَصَاحِبۡهُمَا فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَا مَعۡرُوفٗاۖ وَٱتَّبِعۡ سَبِيلَ مَنۡ أَنَابَ إِلَيَّۚ ثُمَّ إِلَيَّ مَرۡجِعُكُمۡ فَأُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ ﴾

سورة لقمان

But if they endeavor to make you associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge,[1161] do not obey them but accompany them in [this] world with appropriate kindness and follow the way of those who turn back to Me [in repentance]. Then to Me will be your return, and I will inform you about what you used to do.

﴿ ٱلۡحَجُّ أَشۡهُرٞ مَّعۡلُومَٰتٞۚ فَمَن فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ ٱلۡحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي ٱلۡحَجِّۗ وَمَا تَفۡعَلُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ يَعۡلَمۡهُ ٱللَّهُۗ وَتَزَوَّدُواْ فَإِنَّ خَيۡرَ ٱلزَّادِ ٱلتَّقۡوَىٰۖ وَٱتَّقُونِ يَٰٓأُوْلِي ٱلۡأَلۡبَٰبِ ﴾

سورة البقرة

The pilgrimage is in known months[97]. Whoever commits himself to perform the pilgrimage, there should be no intimacy, foul language, and arguments during the pilgrimage. Whatever good you do, Allah is aware of it. And take provisions for the journey, but the best provision is righteousness. So fear Me, O people of understanding.

﴿ وَوَضَعۡنَا عَنكَ وِزۡرَكَ ﴾

سورة الشرح

And We removed from you your burden[1945]

﴿ لَّا يَأۡتِيهِ ٱلۡبَٰطِلُ مِنۢ بَيۡنِ يَدَيۡهِ وَلَا مِنۡ خَلۡفِهِۦۖ تَنزِيلٞ مِّنۡ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٖ ﴾

سورة فصلت

Falsehood cannot approach it from before it or from behind it; [it is] a revelation from a [Lord who is] Wise and Praiseworthy.

﴿ قُلۡ أَفَغَيۡرَ ٱللَّهِ تَأۡمُرُوٓنِّيٓ أَعۡبُدُ أَيُّهَا ٱلۡجَٰهِلُونَ ﴾

سورة الزمر

64. Say (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم to the polytheists): "Do you order me to worship other than Allâh? O you fools!"

﴿ وَإِنۡ أَحَدٞ مِّنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ ٱسۡتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرۡهُ حَتَّىٰ يَسۡمَعَ كَلَٰمَ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ أَبۡلِغۡهُ مَأۡمَنَهُۥۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمٞ لَّا يَعۡلَمُونَ ﴾

سورة التوبة

6. And if anyone of the Mushrikûn (polytheists, idolaters, pagans, disbelievers in the Oneness of Allâh) seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the Word of Allâh (the Qur’ân), and then escort him to where he can be secure, that is because they are men who know not.

﴿ وَحَرَٰمٌ عَلَىٰ قَرۡيَةٍ أَهۡلَكۡنَٰهَآ أَنَّهُمۡ لَا يَرۡجِعُونَ ﴾

سورة الأنبياء

And it is prohibited to [the people of] a city which We have destroyed that they will [ever] return[906]

﴿ وَمَآ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلَّا بِلِسَانِ قَوۡمِهِۦ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَهُمۡۖ فَيُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهۡدِي مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ﴾

سورة إبراهيم

And We did not send any messenger except [speaking] in the language of his people to state clearly for them, and Allāh sends astray [thereby] whom He wills[649] and guides whom He wills. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.

﴿ لِّنَفۡتِنَهُمۡ فِيهِۚ وَمَن يُعۡرِضۡ عَن ذِكۡرِ رَبِّهِۦ يَسۡلُكۡهُ عَذَابٗا صَعَدٗا ﴾

سورة الجن

So We might test them therein. And whoever turns away from the remembrance of his Lord[1771] He will put into arduous punishment.

﴿ وَقَالُواْ ٱتَّخَذَ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ وَلَدٗا ﴾

سورة مريم

And they say, "The Most Merciful has taken [for Himself] a son."

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Umm ‘Atiyyah al-Ansāriyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) entered upon us after his daughter had died and said: "Wash her three times, or five times or more if you find that necessary. Wash her with water and Sidr (ground lotus leaves), add camphor (or a pinch of camphor) to water in the last time, and let me know when you finish." When we finished, we told him, so he gave us his lower garment and said: "Let it be the first thing you shroud her in." A different narration reads: "or seven times", and he said: "Start with her right side and the organs of ablution." Umm ‘Atiyyah said: "We plaited her hair into three braids."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

When Zaynab, one of the Prophet's daughters died, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) entered upon the women who were washing her, and Umm ‘Atiyyah al-Ansāriyyah was one of them. He wanted to teach them how to wash her, so that she would come out of this world and meet her Lord in a state of cleanness and purity. He ordered them to wash her three or five times, or more if it was necessary. For extra cleanness and a solid corpse, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered them to add Sidr (ground lotus leaves) to the water and to add camphor in the last wash. This would solidify the dead body, and with the perfume, insects would stay away from it. Moreover, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) advised them to start with her right organs, which are washed in ablution, and asked them to let him know when they finished. They informed him after they were done with washing her, and he gave them his lower garment, which touched his pure body, to be the first thing they wrap her body in. He wanted that to be a blessing for her in her grave. The women who were washing Zaynab undid her hair, washed it, and plaited it into three braids, one at the forehead and two at the sides, and they threw them to her back.

Al-Barā ibn ‘Āzib (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered us to do seven things and forbade us from doing seven things. He ordered us to visit the sick, to follow the funeral procession, to invoke Allah's mercy upon someone who sneezes, to help others fulfill their oaths, to help the oppressed, to accept the invitation of others, and to spread the greeting of peace. He forbade us to wear gold rings; to drink in silver utensils; to use Mayāthir (cushions of silk stuffed with cotton and placed under the rider on the saddle) and the Qasiyy (linen clothes containing silk brought from an Egyptian town); and to wear silk, brocade and Dībāj (another fine kind of silk).

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was sent in order to perfect good manners. Therefore, he encouraged the Muslims to observe all noble manners and deeds and forbade them to do ugly things. Among the things which he commanded the Muslims to observe is visiting the sick people. It is a duty on the Muslims to visit sick fellow Muslims, to fulfill the right of a Muslim brother, soothe him, and supplicate Allah for him. Also, Muslims should follow the funerals of the dead among them, since this act involves reward for the follower, supplication for the one being followed, greeting the grave dwellers, as well as deriving lessons and admonition. Also, when someone sneezes and praises Allah, one should respond with: "May Allah have mercy upon you." If someone swears that another does something, one should comply and respond to his request so as to save him the expiation of his oath. One is required, as well, to support the oppressed, for doing this features an aspect of averting injustice, repelling the transgressor, preventing his evil, and forbidding what is wrong. Likewise, one should answer the invitation, so as to foster closeness between the hearts and remove negative feelings, for declining the invitation brings about alienation and aversion. If one is called to attend a wedding party, it is obligatory to respond. One should also spread the greeting of peace, for this is a prophetic practice which involves supplication for the Muslims and a cause of amiability. On the other hand, there are also things that are forbidden to do, such as wearing gold rings by men, which is a sign of effeminacy and softness and contradicts manliness. Also, it is forbidden to drink in silver utensils, for it involves extravagance and arrogance. Since drinking in silver utensils is forbidden although it might be needed, other uses are forbidden with greater reason. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned types of silk (Mayāthir, Qasiyy, Dībāj, Istabraq) as forbidden for men, for such clothes lead to comfort and luxury, which are reasons for idleness and laziness. Men should be active, strong, and youthful in order for them to be ready to do their duty of defending their religion, honor, and countries.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Hurry up with the funeral (the dead body), for if it is righteous, you will be taking it forward to what is good; and if it is otherwise, you will be laying evil off your necks."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that the dead body should be carried quickly for burial, or he probably meant that it should be prepared quickly by getting it washed, prayed over, carried, and buried. This is because if the dead person was righteous, then he would be taken quickly to a good destination and should not be delayed. We learn from another Hadīth that the dead person says: ''Take me forward. Take me forward.'' If the dead person was evil, then staying longer would be a bad thing for people, hence, the dead body should better be taken quickly to the grave.

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) passed by a woman who was weeping beside a grave. He said to her: "Fear Allah and be patient." She said to him: "Leave me alone, for you have not been afflicted with a calamity like mine." She did not recognize him. She was later informed that he was the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). So, she went to his house and there she did not find any doormen. Then she said to him: "I did not recognize you." He said: "Indeed, patience is at the first shock." According to another narration: "She was crying over a son of hers.”

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) passed by a woman at the grave of her son who had died. She used to love him dearly and could not keep herself from going out to his grave and crying there. When the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) saw her, he commanded her to fear Allah and be patient. She said: "Leave me alone, for you have not been afflicted with a calamity like mine." Then, it was said to her that this man was the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). So, she felt regret and went to the door of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) where there were no doormen to prevent people from entering. She said: "I did not recognize you." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then informed her that true patience, which one is rewarded for, is what he shows at the first strike of a calamity.

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer in absentia for the Negus, and I was in either the second or the third row.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) informs in this Hadīth that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer in absentia for the Negus, and he was amongst those who joined this prayer; however, he does not remember whether he was in the second or the third row, in case he is the one in doubt, and not a sub-narrator.

Abu Hurayrah, Abu Qatādah, and Abu Ibrahīm al-Ash'hali - from his father (who was a Companion) - reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) once offered the funeral prayer over a deceased person and said the following: "O Allah, forgive those of us who are living and those of us who are dead, those of us who are young and those who are old, those of us who are males and those who are females, and those of us who are present and those who are absent. O Allah, whoever of us You give life, let him live upon Islam, and whoever of us You take in death, let him die in a state of faith. O Allah, deprive us not of his reward, and subject us not to temptation after his death."

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by Ahmad

Whenever the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer over a deceased person, he would say what means: "O Allah, forgive all of the Muslims, the living and the dead, the young and the old, the males and the females, the present and the absent. O Allah, whoever of us You give life, let him live while holding firmly to the teachings of Islam, and whoever of us You take his soul in death, let him die in a state of faith. O Allah, do not deprive us of the reward of bearing the calamity of his death, and do not let us go astray after his death."

Wāthilah ibn al-Asqa‘ (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) led us in prayer over a dead man from among the Muslims. I heard him say: "O Allah, so-and-so the son of so-and-so is under Your protection and mercy. So, protect him from the trial of the grave and the torture of Hellfire. You are worthy of fulfilling promises and worthy of praise. O Allah, forgive him and have mercy upon him, as You are the Most Forgiving and the Most Merciful."

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) performed the funeral prayer over a deceased from among the Muslims. Then, he said what means: O Allah, so-and-so the son of so-and-so is under Your safety, protection, and seeking Your forgiveness. Make him firm during the questioning and examination in the grave and save him from the torment of the Fire. Indeed, You do not break Your promise and You are worthy of truth. O Allah, forgive him and be merciful to him. You are Oft-Forgiving of sins and Most Merciful by accepting acts of obedience and multiplying rewards.

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) called upon his son Ibrahīm while he was breathing his last. The eyes of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) began to shed tears. ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn ‘Awf said to him: "And you too, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "O Ibn ‘Awf, this is a mercy." Then he followed it by saying: "Indeed, the eyes shed tears and the heart is grieved, and we do not say except what pleases our Lord. And indeed, over your departure, O Ibrahīm, we are grieved."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) called upon his son Ibrahīm when he was near death. The eyes of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) started to flow with tears. ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn ‘Awf said in astonishment: "And you too O Messenger of Allah?" Meaning: The people are not patient in the face of calamities, and are you too doing as they do? It was as if he was surprised to see the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in such a state, as he had always been known to encourage patience and forbid impatience. So, he answered him by saying that it was a mercy, meaning: the condition in which you see me is the softness of my heart towards the boy. He followed this with another statement: “Indeed, the eyes shed tears and the heart is grieved, and we do not say except what pleases our Lord,” meaning: we do not show displeasure, rather we show patience. “And indeed, over your departure, O Ibrahīm, we are grieved.” Therefore mercy does not contradict patience or belief in the divine decree.

Samurah ibn Jundub (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I prayed behind the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) the funeral prayer of a woman who died in her postpartum period, and he was standing by the middle of her body.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Offering prayer over the deceased is a right that is due for every Muslim who dies; male or female, young or old. Samurah ibn Jundub says that he prayed behind the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) the funeral prayer of a woman who had died in her postpartum period, and he stood in line with the middle of her body while leading the prayer.

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was shrouded in some white Yemeni garments, with neither a shirt nor a turban.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim