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﴿ أَفَرَءَيۡتَ ٱلَّذِي كَفَرَ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَا وَقَالَ لَأُوتَيَنَّ مَالٗا وَوَلَدًا ﴾

سورة مريم

Then, have you seen he who disbelieved in Our verses and said, "I will surely be given wealth and children [in the next life]"?

﴿ وَإِذۡ صَرَفۡنَآ إِلَيۡكَ نَفَرٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ يَسۡتَمِعُونَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ فَلَمَّا حَضَرُوهُ قَالُوٓاْ أَنصِتُواْۖ فَلَمَّا قُضِيَ وَلَّوۡاْ إِلَىٰ قَوۡمِهِم مُّنذِرِينَ ﴾

سورة الأحقاف

And [remember] when We sent to you a group of jinn to listen to the Qur’an. When they heard it, they said [to one another], “Listen attentively.” Then when it was over, they returned to their people as warners.

﴿ فَلَا تُطِعِ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ وَجَٰهِدۡهُم بِهِۦ جِهَادٗا كَبِيرٗا ﴾

سورة الفرقان

52. So obey not the disbelievers, but strive against them (by preaching) with the utmost endeavour with it (the Qur’ân).

﴿ إِن يَنصُرۡكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فَلَا غَالِبَ لَكُمۡۖ وَإِن يَخۡذُلۡكُمۡ فَمَن ذَا ٱلَّذِي يَنصُرُكُم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِهِۦۗ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلۡيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ ﴾

سورة آل عمران

If Allah helps you, none can overcome you; but if He forsakes you, who is there to help you after Him? In Allah let the believers put their trust.

﴿ وَمَآ أَنتَ إِلَّا بَشَرٞ مِّثۡلُنَا وَإِن نَّظُنُّكَ لَمِنَ ٱلۡكَٰذِبِينَ ﴾

سورة الشعراء

You are but a man like ourselves, and indeed, we think you are among the liars.

﴿ فَلَمَّا قَضَيۡنَا عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡمَوۡتَ مَا دَلَّهُمۡ عَلَىٰ مَوۡتِهِۦٓ إِلَّا دَآبَّةُ ٱلۡأَرۡضِ تَأۡكُلُ مِنسَأَتَهُۥۖ فَلَمَّا خَرَّ تَبَيَّنَتِ ٱلۡجِنُّ أَن لَّوۡ كَانُواْ يَعۡلَمُونَ ٱلۡغَيۡبَ مَا لَبِثُواْ فِي ٱلۡعَذَابِ ٱلۡمُهِينِ ﴾

سورة سبأ

14. Then when We decreed death for him [Sulaimân (Solomon)], nothing informed them (jinn) of his death except a little worm of the earth, which kept (slowly) gnawing away at his stick. So when he fell down, the jinn saw clearly that if they had known the Unseen, they would not have stayed in the humiliating torment.

﴿ قُل لَّآ أَجِدُ فِي مَآ أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ مُحَرَّمًا عَلَىٰ طَاعِمٖ يَطۡعَمُهُۥٓ إِلَّآ أَن يَكُونَ مَيۡتَةً أَوۡ دَمٗا مَّسۡفُوحًا أَوۡ لَحۡمَ خِنزِيرٖ فَإِنَّهُۥ رِجۡسٌ أَوۡ فِسۡقًا أُهِلَّ لِغَيۡرِ ٱللَّهِ بِهِۦۚ فَمَنِ ٱضۡطُرَّ غَيۡرَ بَاغٖ وَلَا عَادٖ فَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ﴾

سورة الأنعام

145. Say (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم): "I find not in that which has been revealed to me anything forbidden to be eaten by one who wishes to eat it, unless it be Maitah (a dead animal) or blood poured forth (by slaughtering or the like), or the flesh of swine (pork); for that surely is impure or impious (unlawful) meat (of an animal) which is slaughtered as a sacrifice for others than Allâh (or has been slaughtered for idols, or on which Allâh’s Name has not been mentioned while slaughtering). But whosoever is forced by necessity without wilful disobedience, nor transgressing due limits; (for him) certainly, your Lord is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful."

﴿ وَمَا كَانَ لَهُم مِّنۡ أَوۡلِيَآءَ يَنصُرُونَهُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِۗ وَمَن يُضۡلِلِ ٱللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُۥ مِن سَبِيلٍ ﴾

سورة الشورى

And there will not be for them any allies to aid them other than Allāh. And whoever Allāh sends astray - for him there is no way.

﴿ فَطَوَّعَتۡ لَهُۥ نَفۡسُهُۥ قَتۡلَ أَخِيهِ فَقَتَلَهُۥ فَأَصۡبَحَ مِنَ ٱلۡخَٰسِرِينَ ﴾

سورة المائدة

30. So the Nafs (self) of the other (latter one) encouraged him and made fair-seeming to him the murder of his brother; he murdered him and became one of the losers.

﴿ إِذۡ يُغَشِّيكُمُ ٱلنُّعَاسَ أَمَنَةٗ مِّنۡهُ وَيُنَزِّلُ عَلَيۡكُم مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءٗ لِّيُطَهِّرَكُم بِهِۦ وَيُذۡهِبَ عَنكُمۡ رِجۡزَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ وَلِيَرۡبِطَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِكُمۡ وَيُثَبِّتَ بِهِ ٱلۡأَقۡدَامَ ﴾

سورة الأنفال

[Remember] when He caused drowsiness to overcome you as an assurance from Him, and He sent down rain from the sky to purify you and to remove Satan’s whispers from you, and to strengthen your hearts and to steady your footsteps.

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Subay‘ah al-Aslamiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that she was married to Sa‘d ibn Khawlah, who belonged to the tribe of ‘Āmir ibn Lu’ay. He was one of the Companions who participated in the battle of Badr. He died during the Farewell Hajj while Subay‘ah was pregnant. Shortly after his death, she delivered her child. When her post-natal bleeding stopped, she beautified herself for prospective suitors. Abu As-Sanābil ibn Ba‘kak (a man from the tribe of Banu ‘Abd Ad-Dār) entered upon her and said: "Why are you thus adorned? Perhaps you wish to remarry? By Allah, you cannot remarry unless four months and ten days (of ‘Iddah) have passed." Subay‘ah said: "When he said that, I put on my clothes in the evening and I went to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). I asked him about that, and he gave me a Fatwa that remarrying had became lawful to me when I delivered my child, and he ordered me to marry if I so wished." Ibn Shihāb said: "I do not find anything wrong with her marrying right after she gives birth, even if she is still bleeding (post-partum) except that her new husband should not approach her until she attains purity (when the bleeding stops).

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Sa‘d ibn Khawlah (may Allah be pleased with him) died leaving behind his wife Subay‘ah al-Aslamiyyah who was pregnant at the time. Soon after his death she gave birth. Once she became pure from her post-natal bleeding, and knowing that her ‘Iddah was over with the childbirth and that it was permissible for her to marry, she adorned and beautified herself. Abu As-Sanābil entered upon her as she was thus beautified and adorned, and realized that she had done so in order to appeal to the suitors. So, he swore by Allah, based upon his knowledge at that time, that it was not permissible for her to marry unless four months and ten days had passed after the death of her husband, based upon Allah's statement in the Qur'an: {And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind - they (the wives, shall) wait four months and ten (days)} [Sūrat al-Baqarah : 234]. As Subay‘ah was uncertain about the knowledge she had of this issue, and Abu As-Sanābil affirmed his claim by swearing by Allah, she went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him about it. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gave her a religious verdict stating that it was permissible for her to marry as soon as she gave birth. If she wished to marry, then she was entitled to it, based on Allah's words in the Qur'an: {And for those who are pregnant, their term is until they give birth} [Sūrat At-Talāq: 4]. Hence, the woman whose husband died while she is pregnant, her waiting period ends when she delivers her child, and the woman who is not pregnant, her waiting period is four months and ten days.

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: My maternal aunt was divorced, and she wanted to collect the harvest from her date-palm trees. A man rebuked her for going out to the trees. So she went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who said: "No, go and collect the harvest from your trees, for perhaps you will give (some of it in) charity or do a good deed with it."

Narrated by Muslim

This Hadīth indicates that the aunt of Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) was divorced, and she wanted to collect the harvest of her palm trees during her waiting period. A man prevented her from doing so. Therefore, she asked the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) about it, and he told her that she may go out of her house. As such, an irrevocably divorced woman is not like a widow. In her waiting period, the divorcee may go out whenever she wants, although it is better and more protective that she stays at home. In this respect, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Their homes are better for them." This very statement refers to women's practice of worship, their prayer in congregation with the Muslims, and listening to good things. This is even more so applicable to other things of a mundane nature.

Furay‘ah bint Mālik ibn Sinān, sister of Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri, reported that she went to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him if she could return to her family, Banu Khudrah, because her husband went out chasing his slaves who ran away; and when he caught them at the borders of Al-Qadūm, they killed him. She said: "I asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) if I could go back to my people, for he (the murdered husband) did not leave me in a dwelling of his own, nor did he leave me with any financial maintenance?" She said: "The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) replied: 'Yes.'" She said: "I went out, and when I was in the apartment or in the mosque, he called for me, or he commanded someone to call me and he said: 'What did you say?' So I repeated my story which I had already mentioned about my husband. Thereupon he said: 'Stay in your house until the term (of ‘Iddah) lapses.'" She said: "So I spent my ‘Iddah therein (in her husband's house) for four months and ten days. When ‘Uthmān ibn ‘Affān became the caliph, he sent for me and asked me about that; so I informed him, and he followed it and decided cases accordingly.’"

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by At-Termedhy - An-Nasaa’i - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad - Ad-Daarimi

This Hadīth shows that a female Companion whose husband died wanted to spend her ‘Iddah in a house different from the one she used to live in with her husband. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) told her that Allah made it obligatory for her to remain in her husband's house until her ‘Iddah lapses. This Hadīth sets a basic rule that the woman whose husband dies must remain in the house she used to live in with her husband until her ‘Iddah and mourning period lapse. This period ends with the delivery of a baby if the widowed woman is pregnant, or by spending full four months and ten days if she is not pregnant.

Fātimah bint Qays reported: I said: "O Messenger of Allah, my husband has divorced me three times and I am afraid that my house will be broken into." So, he (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) told me to move.

Narrated by Muslim

Fātimah bint Qays (may Allah be pleased with her) told the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) she feared that if she observed her waiting period in the house where she used to live with her husband before he divorced her, a licentious person or a robber might break into the house. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) told her to move house, even though she was still in her waiting period following the divorce, as there was a need for it.

‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Do not confuse the Sunnah of our Prophet. The ‘Iddah of a mother-slave girl whose master dies is four months and ten (days)."

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad - Maalik

In this report, the honorable Companion ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) criticized those who argued without a proof about the issue of the ‘Iddah of a mother slave-girl (a slave girl who gave birth to a child from her master) whose master died. He clarified that her prescribed period is four months and ten days, exactly like the prescribed period of a free woman. Although this report expressly spells out this meaning, many of the scholars maintained that the waiting period of a mother slave-girl whose master died is the same as that of other slave-girls, which is the passing of a single menstrual period. This is the opinion of the majority of the scholars, and it is based on other proofs.

‘Urwah ibn Az-Zubayr reported from ‘Ā’ishah that she took Hafsah bint ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn Abu Bakr As-Siddīq into her house when she was in her third period. Ibn Shihāb said: "That was mentioned to ‘Amrah bint ‘Abdur-Rahmān, and she said that ‘Urwah had spoken the truth, and people had argued with ‘Ā’ishah about it. They said that Allah, the Exalted, says in His Book: {Waiting for three menstrual periods} [Sūrat al-Baqarah: 228]. ‘Ā’ishah said: 'You spoke the truth. Do you know what menstrual periods are? They are the three times of becoming pure after menstruation.'"

Maalik

In this tradition, ‘Urwah ibn Az-Zubayr reported that ‘Ā’ishah moved her niece Hafsah, daughter of her brother ‘Abdur-Rahmān, from the house where she spent her prescribed period after her husband al-Mundhir ibn al-‘Awwām divorced her. She took her whilst she was in her third period because this was the last one of her prescribed periods after the divorce. There was an argument between ‘Ā’ishah and some of the Companions about the meaning of the word menstrual periods in the following verse: {And divorced women shall wait [as regards their marriage] for three menstrual periods} [Sūrat al-Baqarah: 228]. They maintained that it referred to the menstrual period. ‘Ā’ishah (may Alla be pleased with her) answered them: "You have read the Qur’an correctly but failed to interpret it the right way. The meaning of the word in question is the period of purity between two successive menstrual periods.

‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “A woman whose husband is missing and whose whereabouts is unknown to her must wait for four years and then observe the ‘Iddah (of a widow) for four months and ten days. After that, she is allowed to marry.”

Maalik

In this tradition, ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) explains that any woman whose husband went missing must wait for four years, starting from the date when she lost him. Then she should observe the ‘Iddah of a widow for four months and ten days. After that, she is allowed to marry. Muslim jurists said that this tradition and similar ones apply to the husband whose death is almost certain, such as the one who went missing in a war, drowned at sea, etc.

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said regarding the female captives of Awtās: ''There should be no sexual intercourse with a pregnant woman until she gives birth, nor with a non-pregnant woman until she has one menstrual cycle."

Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad - Ad-Daarimi

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that in Awtās, a place close to Makkah, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade having sexual intercourse with women taken as captives in the course of jihad until their wombs were clear, such that pregnant women would give birth and attain purity of the postpartum bleeding; and non-pregnant women have one menstrual cycle. This also applies to the female captives who were bought and the female slaves who were owned in any way.

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: ''One or two sucks do not render marriage prohibited.''

Narrated by Muslim

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said that if a baby sucks once or twice from the breast of a woman other than his mother, this does not make him her milk-son, nor does he become a Mahram to her, because the conditions of the prohibition are not complete. In a breastfeeding that renders marriage forbidden, the suckled child is not permitted to marry the woman who breastfed him, nor any of her blood relatives or the blood relatives of her husband, who owns the milk [it is his semen which caused the pregnancy that stimulated her lactation]. This type of breastfeeding makes it permissible for a suckled child to be in isolation with those mentioned above, and to be their Mahram when traveling. One or two sucks do not prohibit marriage; five or more sucks are required, as the other Hadīth of ‘Ā'ishah says: ''... so they were abrogated by five known sucks.'' [Muslim]

Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: ''No prohibition results from suckling, except for what penetrates the intestines from the breast before weaning.''

Narrated by At-Termedhy