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﴿ وَفِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ ءَايَٰتٞ لِّلۡمُوقِنِينَ

سورة الذاريات
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20. And on the earth are signs for those who have Faith with certainty.

﴿ وَجَآءَ إِخۡوَةُ يُوسُفَ فَدَخَلُواْ عَلَيۡهِ فَعَرَفَهُمۡ وَهُمۡ لَهُۥ مُنكِرُونَ

سورة يوسف
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The brothers of Joseph came and presented themselves before him; he recognized them but they did not know him.

﴿ وَٱللَّهُ خَلَقَكُم مِّن تُرَابٖ ثُمَّ مِن نُّطۡفَةٖ ثُمَّ جَعَلَكُمۡ أَزۡوَٰجٗاۚ وَمَا تَحۡمِلُ مِنۡ أُنثَىٰ وَلَا تَضَعُ إِلَّا بِعِلۡمِهِۦۚ وَمَا يُعَمَّرُ مِن مُّعَمَّرٖ وَلَا يُنقَصُ مِنۡ عُمُرِهِۦٓ إِلَّا فِي كِتَٰبٍۚ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ يَسِيرٞ

سورة فاطر
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11. And Allâh did create you (Adam) from dust, then from Nutfah (male and female discharge semen drops i.e. Adam’s offspring), then He made you pairs (male and female). And no female conceives or gives birth but with His Knowledge. And no aged man is granted a length of life nor is a part cut off from his life (or another man’s life), but is in a Book (Al-Lauh Al-Mahfûz ) Surely, that is easy for Allâh.

﴿ وَٱلشَّفۡعِ وَٱلۡوَتۡرِ

سورة الفجر
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And [by] the even [number] and the odd

﴿ وَجَعَلُواْ لِلَّهِ مِمَّا ذَرَأَ مِنَ ٱلۡحَرۡثِ وَٱلۡأَنۡعَٰمِ نَصِيبٗا فَقَالُواْ هَٰذَا لِلَّهِ بِزَعۡمِهِمۡ وَهَٰذَا لِشُرَكَآئِنَاۖ فَمَا كَانَ لِشُرَكَآئِهِمۡ فَلَا يَصِلُ إِلَى ٱللَّهِۖ وَمَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ فَهُوَ يَصِلُ إِلَىٰ شُرَكَآئِهِمۡۗ سَآءَ مَا يَحۡكُمُونَ

سورة الأنعام
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They assign to Allah a portion of the crops and livestock He created, saying, “This is for Allah” – as they claim – “and this is for our partners [i.e., idols].” But that which is assigned for their partners does not reach Allah, while that which is assigned for Allah reaches their partners[44]. How unfair their judgment is!

﴿ وَإِذۡ قُلۡتُمۡ يَٰمُوسَىٰ لَن نَّصۡبِرَ عَلَىٰ طَعَامٖ وَٰحِدٖ فَٱدۡعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُخۡرِجۡ لَنَا مِمَّا تُنۢبِتُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ مِنۢ بَقۡلِهَا وَقِثَّآئِهَا وَفُومِهَا وَعَدَسِهَا وَبَصَلِهَاۖ قَالَ أَتَسۡتَبۡدِلُونَ ٱلَّذِي هُوَ أَدۡنَىٰ بِٱلَّذِي هُوَ خَيۡرٌۚ ٱهۡبِطُواْ مِصۡرٗا فَإِنَّ لَكُم مَّا سَأَلۡتُمۡۗ وَضُرِبَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلذِّلَّةُ وَٱلۡمَسۡكَنَةُ وَبَآءُو بِغَضَبٖ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ يَكۡفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقۡتُلُونَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ بِغَيۡرِ ٱلۡحَقِّۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَواْ وَّكَانُواْ يَعۡتَدُونَ

سورة البقرة
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61. And (remember) when you said, "O Mûsâ (Moses)! We cannot endure one kind of food. So invoke your Lord for us to bring forth for us of what the earth grows, its herbs, its cucumbers, its Fûm (wheat or garlic), its lentils and its onions." He said, "Would you exchange that which is better for that which is lower? Go you down to any town and you shall find what you want!" And they were covered with humiliation and misery, and they drew on themselves the Wrath of Allâh. That was because they used to disbelieve the Ayât (proofs, evidence, verses, lessons, signs, revelations etc.) of Allâh and killed the Prophets wrongfully. That was because they disobeyed and used to transgress the bounds (in their disobedience to Allâh, i.e. commit crimes and sins).

﴿ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِي فَرَضَ عَلَيۡكَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ لَرَآدُّكَ إِلَىٰ مَعَادٖۚ قُل رَّبِّيٓ أَعۡلَمُ مَن جَآءَ بِٱلۡهُدَىٰ وَمَنۡ هُوَ فِي ضَلَٰلٖ مُّبِينٖ

سورة القصص
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85. Verily, He Who has given you (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم) the Qur’an (i.e. ordered you to act on its laws and to preach it to others) will surely bring you back to Ma‘âd (place of return, either to Makkah or to Paradise after your death). Say (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم): "My Lord is Aware of him who brings guidance, and of him who is in manifest error."

﴿ وَلُوطًا إِذۡ قَالَ لِقَوۡمِهِۦٓ أَتَأۡتُونَ ٱلۡفَٰحِشَةَ وَأَنتُمۡ تُبۡصِرُونَ

سورة النمل
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And [remember] Lot, when he said to his people, “Do you commit this shameful act[16] while seeing [one another][17]?

﴿ يَوۡمَ لَا يَنفَعُ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ مَعۡذِرَتُهُمۡۖ وَلَهُمُ ٱللَّعۡنَةُ وَلَهُمۡ سُوٓءُ ٱلدَّارِ

سورة غافر
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52. The Day when their excuses will be of no profit to Zâlimûn (polytheists, wrong-doers and disbelievers in the Oneness of Allâh). Theirs will be the curse, and theirs will be the evil abode (i.e. painful torment in Hell-fire).

﴿ يُعۡرَفُ ٱلۡمُجۡرِمُونَ بِسِيمَٰهُمۡ فَيُؤۡخَذُ بِٱلنَّوَٰصِي وَٱلۡأَقۡدَامِ

سورة الرحمن
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41. The Mujrimûn (polytheists, criminals, sinners) will be known by their marks (black faces), and they will be seized by their forelocks and their feet.

Sahl ibn Sa‘d (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is a gate in Paradise called Ar-Rayyān through which only those who fast will enter on the Day of Resurrection. No one else will enter through it. It will be called out: ‘Where are those who used to fast?’ So they will stand up and proceed towards it. When the last of them has entered, the gate will be closed, and no one else will enter through it.'"

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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The Hadīth informs that there is a door in Paradise called Ar-Rayyān which is exclusive for the fasting people. On the Day of Resurrection, the angels will call out those who used to fast - obligatory and voluntary fasts - regularly and ask them to enter through that door; and when they have entered, the door will be closed and no one else will enter through it after them.

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We were with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on a journey, and some of us were fasting and others were not. We stopped to rest in some place on a hot day. The one who had the largest share of shade among us was the one who had a garment. Some of us would shade themselves against the sun using their own hands. Those who were fasting fell to the ground, but those who were not fasting got up to pitch the tents and water the animals. Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Those who were not fasting today have taken all the reward."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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The Companions of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) were with him during one of his journeys, and some of them were fasting, while others were not. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) approved of the action of both parties. On a hot day, they stopped in some place so as to have a rest from the hardship of travel and the scorching heat of noon time. Those who were fasting fell to the ground due to the heat and thirst, and were unable to do any work. Meanwhile, those who were not fasting pitched the tents, watered the camels, and served their fasting brothers. When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) saw this service that they provided the army with, he encouraged them and said: "Those who were not fasting today have taken all the reward.”

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to observe I‘tikāf during the ten middle days of Ramadan. One year, while he was in I‘tikāf on the night of the twenty-first on the morning of which he would come out of I‘tikāf, he said: "Whoever was in I‘tikāf with me should stay in I‘tikāf the last ten; for I was informed of that night, but I was then made to forget it. I saw myself prostrating in water and mud in its morning. So, seek it in the last ten, and seek it in each of the odd [nights]." That night, it rained, and [the roof of] the mosque dribbled as it was made of leaf stalks of date-palms. I saw with my own eyes the signs of water and mud on the forehead of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in the morning of the twenty-first (night).

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to perform I‘tikāf in the middle ten days of Ramadan, in pursuit of Laylat al-Qadr. One year, he stayed as usual in I‘tikāf up to the night of the twenty-first (of Ramadan). On the morning of that night, he was supposed to end his I‘tikāf. However, he learned that Laylat al-Qadr would be in the last ten nights. So he told his Companions who stayed in I‘tikāf with him the middle ten nights to continue their I‘tikāf the last ten nights. He also told them that Allah, the Almighty, showed him Laylat al-Qadr in his sleep, but later made him forget which night it was. However, in that year he saw in his sleep a sign of that night, which was his prostration in the morning prayer on water and mud. Allah fulfilled the vision of His Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and it rained on the night of the twenty-first. The mosque of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was built like a lattice; its pillars were made of palm trunks and its roof made of palm stalks and fronds. Therefore, the roof leaked from rain, and the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prostrated on water and mud in prayer on the morning of the twenty-first.

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was on a journey and saw a crowd of people, and a man was being shaded (by them). He asked: "What is the matter with that (man)?" They said: "He is fasting." Thereupon, he said: "It is not from righteousness to fast when traveling." In another narration by Muslim, he said: "Take advantage of the concessions that Allah has granted you."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) during his journey in the year of the Conquest of Makkah in Ramadan, he saw people crowded together, and a man was lying down and being shaded by the crowd, as it reported in the narration of Ibn Jarīr. So, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked them about that man. They told him that he was fasting and reached such a state of thirst that he needed to lie down. So, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said that one's fasting when traveling is not from righteousness, rather Muslims should take advantage of the concessions that Allah has granted them. Allah does not want us to punish ourselves by performing acts of worship.

Abu Ad-Dardā' (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We set out during the month of Ramadan with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in such intense heat that one of us would place his hand over his head (to protect himself) against the excessive heat, and none of us was fasting except the Messenger of Allah and ‘Abdullāh ibn Rawahah."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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Abu Ad-Dardā' (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that they set out on a journey during the month of Ramadan, and the weather was extremely hot that they would put their hands on their heads to protect them from the heat. None of them was fasting except the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and ‘Abdullāh ibn Rawahah al-Ansāri (may Allah be pleased with him). They both were able to fast and endure severity of the weather, and this is a proof that it is permissible for the Muslim to fast when traveling even with hardship or difficulty that does not lead to one's death.

Muhammad ibn ‘Abbād ibn Ja‘far reported: I asked Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh: "Did the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prohibit the fasting of Friday?" He said: 'Yes.' In another version: "By the Lord of the Ka‘bah!"

An-Nasaa’i - Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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As Friday is a day of Eid for Muslims, Allah forbade that we should specifically fast it or perform Qiyām in it, unless we fast the day before or after it, or it coincides with days one usually fasts. Also, this may otherwise lead people to think that it is an obligation to perform more worship on Friday.

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever dies while still having some fasts to make up for, his heir should fast on his behalf."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) informs that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the heir of the one who dies while still having some obligatory fasts to observe, such as a vow, expiation, or making up for missed Ramadan fasts; to fast on behalf of his deceased relative because it is a debt, and the relative is the worthiest of fulfilling his debt on his behalf. It is an act of kindness and dutifulness to him and from the maintenance of kinship ties. This command denotes desirability, not obligation.

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, my mother has died in a state that she had to observe the fast of a month. Should I complete it on her behalf?" Thereupon he said: "Would you not pay the debt if your mother had died without paying it?" He said: 'Yes.' He said: "The debt of Allah is more worthy of being repaid." Another narration states that a woman came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, my mother passed away and she took an oath to fast, should I fast on her behalf?" He said: "Tell me, if there was a debt due on your mother and you settled it, would it be enough?" She replied: 'Yes.' He said: "So, fast on behalf of your mother."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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This Hadīth has two narrations, and it is clear from the context that they were two occasions. The first narration tells about a man who came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and told him that his mother passed away without fasting one month that was due on her, so should he fast it on her behalf? The second narration is about a woman who came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and told him that her mother passed away without fasting a month that she vowed to fast, so should she fast on her behalf? In both cases, the Prophet told them that they should fast on behalf of their parents. The Prophet made an analogy to make the judgment clear by asking if their parents were indebted to a human being, would they pay their debts? They answered in the affirmative. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) told them that this fasting is a debt their parents owe to Allah. Since the debt to humans can be settled, the debt owed to Allah deserves more to be settled.

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The best (voluntary) fast in the sight of Allah is the fast of Dawūd, and the best (voluntary) prayer in the sight of Allah is the prayer of Dawūd. He used to sleep half of the night, stand to pray one third of it, and then sleep one sixth of it, and he used to fast every other day."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) informs us in this Hadīth that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said that the best fast and night prayer in the sight of Allah, the Almighty, are those of His Prophet Dawūd (peace be upon him). He used to fast one day and not fast on the next day, as this manner of fasting fulfills worship and gives the body its share of rest at the same time. He used to sleep the first half of the night to wake up feeling active enough to perform worship. He would then pray one third of the night then sleep its last sixth to be active for the acts of worship that were to be performed in the early morning. This is the way that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) encouraged Muslims to follow.

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was told that I had said: "By Allah, I will fast every day and pray every night for as long as I live." The Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked me: "Are you the one who said that?" I said: "Yes, I said it; by my father, you and my mother." He said: "You would not be able to do that. So fast and break your fast, pray and sleep. Fast for three days a month. The reward of a good deed is multiplied by ten, so the fasting of three days a month equals the fasting of a year." I said: "I can do (fast) more than this." He said: "Fast one day every three days." I said: "I can do more than that." He said: "Fast every other day; this was the fasting of Dawūd and the best form of fasting." I said: "I can do better than that." He said: "There is nothing better than that." In another narration, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no fasting superior to the fast of my brother Dawūd; fasting half of one's life by fasting one day and eating one day."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was told that ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr swore to fast every day and stay in prayer all night without sleep for his entire life. So he asked him whether he had said that and he answered that he had. The Prophet told him that such a commitment would be beyond his endurance, so he should combine worship with rest by fasting and eating; praying at night and sleeping and restricting his voluntary fasting to three days a month, which would grant him the reward of fasting the whole year. However, ‘Abdullāh said that he could handle more than that. He kept asking to do more fasting until he reached its ultimate form, which is fasting like Prophet Dawūd, namely fasting every other day. He asked to do more from a desire to do more good deeds, but the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) told him that there was no fast better than that.

It shows that the prohibited lusts are doors to hellfire; and it means following one’s desires that violate the Sharia

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

Arduous deeds lead to honor and admission to Paradise.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

Aging should inspire self-admonition because one becomes close to meeting Allah Almighty.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

Sincerity and honesty are the criteria for deeds that, once fulfilled, the doer will obtain the designated reward.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

The greater the benefit extending beyond limited individuals, the greater the reward and the effect.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

Perfection and goodness lie entirely in following the path of the Prophets (peace be upon them) in terms of knowledge and action.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

It shows how Islam is the religion of moderation and the law of easiness and removal of inconvenience and hardship.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits