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﴿ قُلۡ إِنِّي لَن يُجِيرَنِي مِنَ ٱللَّهِ أَحَدٞ وَلَنۡ أَجِدَ مِن دُونِهِۦ مُلۡتَحَدًا ﴾

سورة الجن

22. Say (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم): "None can protect me from Allâh’s punishment (if I were to disobey Him), nor can I find refuge except in Him.

﴿ وَطَلۡحٖ مَّنضُودٖ ﴾

سورة الواقعة

And [banana] trees layered [with fruit]

﴿ وَنُقَلِّبُ أَفۡـِٔدَتَهُمۡ وَأَبۡصَٰرَهُمۡ كَمَا لَمۡ يُؤۡمِنُواْ بِهِۦٓ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٖ وَنَذَرُهُمۡ فِي طُغۡيَٰنِهِمۡ يَعۡمَهُونَ ﴾

سورة الأنعام

110. And We shall turn their hearts and their eyes away (from guidance), as they refused to believe therein for the first time, and We shall leave them in their trespass to wander blindly.

﴿ قَالُواْ يَٰصَٰلِحُ قَدۡ كُنتَ فِينَا مَرۡجُوّٗا قَبۡلَ هَٰذَآۖ أَتَنۡهَىٰنَآ أَن نَّعۡبُدَ مَا يَعۡبُدُ ءَابَآؤُنَا وَإِنَّنَا لَفِي شَكّٖ مِّمَّا تَدۡعُونَآ إِلَيۡهِ مُرِيبٖ ﴾

سورة هود

They said, "O Ṣāliḥ, you were among us a man of promise before this. Do you forbid us to worship what our fathers worshipped? And indeed we are, about that to which you invite us, in disquieting doubt."

﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾

سورة الفاتحة

1. In the Name of Allâh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

﴿ إِنَّ مَعَ ٱلۡعُسۡرِ يُسۡرٗا ﴾

سورة الشرح

Indeed, with hardship [will be] ease.

﴿ إِلَّا مَن تَابَ وَءَامَنَ وَعَمِلَ عَمَلٗا صَٰلِحٗا فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ يُبَدِّلُ ٱللَّهُ سَيِّـَٔاتِهِمۡ حَسَنَٰتٖۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورٗا رَّحِيمٗا ﴾

سورة الفرقان

except those who repent and believe, and do righteous deeds; for them Allah will change their evil deeds into good deeds, for Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

﴿ فَلَوۡلَآ أَنَّهُۥ كَانَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُسَبِّحِينَ ﴾

سورة الصافات

And had he not been of those who exalt Allāh,

﴿ وَإِذَا رَأَوۡهُمۡ قَالُوٓاْ إِنَّ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ لَضَآلُّونَ ﴾

سورة المطففين

32. And when they saw them, they said: "Verily these have indeed gone astray!"

﴿ وَلَقَدۡ ءَاتَيۡنَا مُوسَىٰ وَهَٰرُونَ ٱلۡفُرۡقَانَ وَضِيَآءٗ وَذِكۡرٗا لِّلۡمُتَّقِينَ ﴾

سورة الأنبياء

We certainly gave Moses and Aaron the Criterion, shining light and admonition[19] for the righteous,

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‘Amr ibn Sulaym al-Ansāri reported: I bear witness that Abu Sa‘īd said: I bear witness that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Taking a bath on Friday is obligatory for every pubescent male Muslim, and cleaning the teeth with the tooth-stick and applying perfume if available."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarified that taking a bath on Friday is confirmed as an obligation upon every pubescent male Muslim who is required to offer the Friday prayer. In addition, he should clean his teeth with Siwāk (tooth-cleaning stick) and the like, and apply any kind of perfume.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When it is Friday, the angels stand at the door of the mosque and keep on writing the names of those coming in order of their arrival. The example of the one who enters the mosque in the earliest hour is that of the one offering a camel (as a sacrifice). The one coming next is like the one offering a cow, then a ram, then a chicken, then an egg respectively. When the Imām comes out (for the Friday prayer), they (i.e. the angels) fold their scrolls and listen to the sermon.”

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Angels stand at the door of the mosque on Fridays writing the comers in order of their arrival. The reward of the earliest comer to prayer is like the reward of the one offering a camel as a sacrifice seeking closeness to Allah, the Exalted. Next, the reward of the one coming after him is like that of the one offering a cow to seek closeness to Allah, the Exalted. The reward of the one coming after him is like that of the one offering a ram to seek closeness to Allah, the Exalted. Furthermore, the reward of the one coming after him is like that of the one offering a chicken to seek closeness to Allah, the Exalted; and the reward of the one following him is like offering an egg. When the Imām comes out, ascends the pulpit, and starts the sermon, the angels fold their sheets where they wrote the names of those who came early to the Friday prayer. The reward varies depending on how early they come. At last, the angels sit and listen to the sermon with people.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When the son of Adam recites a verse of prostration and then falls down in prostration, the devil retreats, weeps, and says: 'Woe unto him! – In the narration of Abu Kurayb the words are: Woe unto me – the son of Adam was commanded to prostrate, and he prostrated, so Paradise is for him. However, I was commanded to prostrate, but I refused to, so the Fire is for me.'"

Narrated by Muslim

When someone reads a verse of the Qur’an that requires prostration and then prostrates in compliance with the divine order and out of desire for obeying Allah, the devil goes away from him. He regrets missing such an honor and cries for the damnation and loss that he incurred. He envies the son of Adam, saying: "Woe unto me, the son of Adam was commanded to prostrate, and he prostrated, so Paradise is for him. However, I was commanded to prostrate, but I refused to, so the Fire is for me." Here, he bemoans his situation. He is sad and is subject to ruin. Allah, the Exalted, ordered the son of Adam to prostrate to Him, and the son of Adam obeyed his Lord, so he will be admitted to Paradise. The devil, however, was ordered to prostrate himself for Allah, but he was too arrogant to do so. So Hell is his abode.

‘Uqbah ibn ‘Āmir al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to forbid us from praying or burying our deceased ones at three times: when the sun begins to rise until it is fully risen; when the sun is at its highest point in the sky at noon until it passes its zenith; and when the sun starts setting until it fully sets.

Narrated by Muslim

‘Uqbah (may Allah be pleased with him) tells us about the three hours during which the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the Companions from praying or burying the dead. The meaning of "hours" here is "times", i.e. three times during which the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade prayer or burial of the dead, and they are strictly forbidden times. The first timing: When the sun begins to rise until it is fully risen, i.e. when the sun rises clearly in the horizon with its rays and light until it rises in the horizon. Another narration stated the measure of its rising, which is the measure of a spear. In a narration: "And it rises the measure of one or two spears," as it is in Abu Dawūd from the Hadīth of ‘Amr ibn ‘Abasah (may Allah be pleased with him). The spear is known among the Arabs, and it is a weapon which they used to use in their battles. The second timing: When the sun is at its highest point at midday, i.e. when the sun reaches its zenith. When it reaches the middle of the sky, the movement of shadow slows down until it begins to pass its zenith. So the one looking at it imagines that it has stopped, while it is actually moving but at a slow pace. So this assumed stopping is called "zenith," and during this time it is forbidden to perform voluntary prayers until the sun begins to decline, i.e. to move away from the middle of the sky, and the shadow appears from the east, and this is called the shadow of the zenith. It is a short time period, and some scholars considered it five minutes while others considered it ten minutes. The third timing: When the sun draws near to its setting until it fully sets, i.e. it begins to set and the prohibition continues until it fully sets. In these three times, two things are forbidden: 1) Supererogatory prayers, even those performed for specific reasons – such as greeting the mosque, the two Rak‘ahs performed after ablution, or the eclipse prayer – due to the generality of the Hadīth. Regarding the obligatory prayers, they are not prohibited during the forbidden times, even though the Hadīth is general, since its generality was specified in the Hadīth of Abu Qatādah (may Allah be pleased with him): "Whoever sleeps at a prayer time or forgets it should pray it once he remembers it." 2) Burial of the dead: It is not permissible to bury the dead in the prohibited times. Therefore if a corpse is brought to the graveyard during the three prohibited times, the burial should be delayed until the prohibited time passes and then it should be buried. If it happened that people began the burial before sunrise and it was prolonged for some reason, then the sun rose while they were burying, then they should continue to bury and not stop. Moreover, if they began the burying before the zenith, then they were late for some reason until the arrival of the prohibited time while they were burying, then they should continue and not stop. If they began burying after the afternoon prayer and then were delayed for some reason until they were overtaken by the prohibited time, then they should continue and not stop. That is because they did not intend to bury in these prohibited times. The same is true for the one who is praying a supererogatory prayer, and the prohibited time enters while he is praying, then he should complete his prayer. The rule is, according to scholars, completing an action started before the prohibited time is forgiven, whereas starting an action is not.

‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah does not accept the prayer of any woman who has reached the age of menstruation unless [she is] veiled.''

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by At-Termedhy - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad

It is not permissible for a woman of age and sound intellect to pray without a veil, meaning: with her head and neck bare. If she prays unveiled, her prayer is invalid. Here, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) says: "Allah does not accept" her prayer. This means that the lady's prayer is neither valid nor rewarded. For these restrictions to apply, one must be of age, which, in Islamic terms, has signs: menstruation, emission of semen, growth of pubic hair, or completing fifteen years of age. Menstruation is mentioned in the Hadīth because it is a specific sign of female adulthood. It should be noted, however, that women cannot pray when they have their cycle. Texts of the Sunnah, as well as the scholarly consensus, rule against performing the prayer during menses.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "None of you should pray in a single garment with nothing on his shoulders."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prohibited the one praying in a single garment from leaving his shoulders, i.e., what is between the shoulder and the neck, uncovered without putting anything on them to cover them. This is because although the shoulders are not ‘Awrah (must-cover body parts), yet covering them guarantees better concealment of the ‘Awrah, besides being closer to showing reverence and glorification to Allah Almighty while standing before Him in prayer.

Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray on his riding animal, regardless of the direction it was facing. When he wanted to perform an obligatory prayer, he would dismount and face the Qiblah.

Narrated by Bukhari

While on a journey, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) would not dismount from his riding animal (to pray), rather he used to pray while mounted. This is supported by what Ibn ‘Umar and others narrated; that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray atop his riding animal, regardless of the direction it was facing, during his travels [Al-Bukhāri]. So when he was seated on his riding animal, he would pray in whatever direction he was riding, regardless of whether he was facing the Qiblah or not. When it came to an obligatory prayer – the five daily prayers – he would dismount from his animal and pray on the ground while facing the Qiblah. In the Hadīth of Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): "And he would not do this – performing the prayer on his riding animal – in the obligatory prayers." The obligatory prayers must be performed on the ground, except in case of a Shariah-approved excuse, such as rain or fear of the enemy. In this case, it is not a problem to perform them on one's riding animal; or in case of illness, one prays them on his bed while sitting, especially if one fears the passing of its time. This is supported by proofs that indicate facilitation, alleviation, and removal of blame from this nation, as Allah, the Exalted, says: {Allah burdens not a person beyond his scope} [Sūrat al-Baqarah: 286], and the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If I commanded you with something, then you should fulfill it to the best of your ability."

Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was on a journey and wished to offer voluntary prayers, he made his she-camel face the Qiblah, said Takbīr, and then prayed towards whatever direction his mount would face.

Narrated by Abu Daoud

Whenever the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was on a journey and wanted to offer a voluntary prayer, he would face the Qiblah on his mount while reciting the Takbīr of Ihrām, and then he would pray in whatever direction he was heading to.

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If anyone of you is praying behind something that conceals him from people and somebody tries to pass in front of him, he should push him away; if he refuses, the praying person should use force against him for he is a devil." Another narration reads: "If anyone of you is praying, he should not let anyone pass in front of him; if he refuses then use force, for he has a (devil) companion with him."

Narrated by Muslim - Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Before a Muslim starts praying, he can place something in front of him to conceal him from people so that the reward of his prayer is not reduced by their passing in front of him. When he starts communication with his Lord, he should lightly repel anyone who wishes to pass in front of him. If that person is not repelled with ease, this means he has violated the limits and become an aggressor. In this case, it is permissible to push him away and stop his aggression by force. Passing in front of the praying person belongs to the deeds of the devils who wish to spoil people's acts of worship and confuse them during their prayer.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade praying with one's hands on one's waist.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim