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﴿ عَلَىٰ صِرَٰطٖ مُّسۡتَقِيمٖ

سورة يس
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on a straight path,

﴿ كَذَّبَتۡ عَادٌ ٱلۡمُرۡسَلِينَ

سورة الشعراء
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ʿAad denied the messengers

﴿ وَلَقَدۡ مَكَّنَّٰهُمۡ فِيمَآ إِن مَّكَّنَّٰكُمۡ فِيهِ وَجَعَلۡنَا لَهُمۡ سَمۡعٗا وَأَبۡصَٰرٗا وَأَفۡـِٔدَةٗ فَمَآ أَغۡنَىٰ عَنۡهُمۡ سَمۡعُهُمۡ وَلَآ أَبۡصَٰرُهُمۡ وَلَآ أَفۡـِٔدَتُهُم مِّن شَيۡءٍ إِذۡ كَانُواْ يَجۡحَدُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَحَاقَ بِهِم مَّا كَانُواْ بِهِۦ يَسۡتَهۡزِءُونَ

سورة الأحقاف
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26. And indeed We had firmly established them with that wherewith We have not established you (O Quraish)! And We had assigned them the (faculties of) hearing (ears), seeing (eyes), and hearts; but their hearing (ears), seeing (eyes), and their hearts availed them nothing since they used to deny the Ayât (Allâh’s Prophets and their Prophethood, proofs, evidence, verses, signs, revelations) of Allâh, and they were completely encircled by that which they used to mock at!

﴿ وَبَيۡنَهُمَا حِجَابٞۚ وَعَلَى ٱلۡأَعۡرَافِ رِجَالٞ يَعۡرِفُونَ كُلَّۢا بِسِيمَىٰهُمۡۚ وَنَادَوۡاْ أَصۡحَٰبَ ٱلۡجَنَّةِ أَن سَلَٰمٌ عَلَيۡكُمۡۚ لَمۡ يَدۡخُلُوهَا وَهُمۡ يَطۡمَعُونَ

سورة الأعراف
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46. And between them will be a (barrier) screen and on Al-A‘râf [4] (a wall with elevated places) will be men (whose good and evil deeds would be equal in scale), who would recognise all (of the Paradise and Hell people), by their marks (the dwellers of Paradise by their white faces and the dwellers of Hell by their black faces), they will call out to the dwellers of Paradise, "Salâmun ‘Alaikum" (Peace be on you), and at that time they (men on Al-A‘râf) will not yet have entered it (Paradise), but they will hope to enter (it) with certainty.

﴿ وَجَآءَ فِرۡعَوۡنُ وَمَن قَبۡلَهُۥ وَٱلۡمُؤۡتَفِكَٰتُ بِٱلۡخَاطِئَةِ

سورة الحاقة
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And there came Pharaoh and those before him and the overturned cities[1738] with sin.

﴿ فَنَجَّيۡنَٰهُ وَأَهۡلَهُۥٓ أَجۡمَعِينَ

سورة الشعراء
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So We saved him and his family, all,

﴿ وَكَتَبۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ فِيهَآ أَنَّ ٱلنَّفۡسَ بِٱلنَّفۡسِ وَٱلۡعَيۡنَ بِٱلۡعَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَنفَ بِٱلۡأَنفِ وَٱلۡأُذُنَ بِٱلۡأُذُنِ وَٱلسِّنَّ بِٱلسِّنِّ وَٱلۡجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٞۚ فَمَن تَصَدَّقَ بِهِۦ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٞ لَّهُۥۚ وَمَن لَّمۡ يَحۡكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ

سورة المائدة
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And We ordained for them therein a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and for wounds is legal retribution. But whoever gives [up his right as] charity, it is an expiation for him. And whoever does not judge by what Allāh has revealed - then it is those who are the wrongdoers [i.e., the unjust].

﴿ ٱتَّخَذُوٓاْ أَحۡبَارَهُمۡ وَرُهۡبَٰنَهُمۡ أَرۡبَابٗا مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡمَسِيحَ ٱبۡنَ مَرۡيَمَ وَمَآ أُمِرُوٓاْ إِلَّا لِيَعۡبُدُوٓاْ إِلَٰهٗا وَٰحِدٗاۖ لَّآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَۚ سُبۡحَٰنَهُۥ عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُونَ

سورة التوبة
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31. They (Jews and Christians) took their rabbis and their monks to be their lords besides Allâh (by obeying them in things which they made lawful or unlawful according to their own desires without being ordered by Allâh), and (they also took as their Lord) Messiah, son of Maryam (Mary), while they (Jews and Christians) were commanded [in the Taurât (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)] to worship none but One Ilâh (God - Allâh) Lâ ilâha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He)[8]. Praise and glory be to Him (far above is He) from having the partners they associate (with Him)."

﴿ فَأَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ رِيحٗا صَرۡصَرٗا فِيٓ أَيَّامٖ نَّحِسَاتٖ لِّنُذِيقَهُمۡ عَذَابَ ٱلۡخِزۡيِ فِي ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۖ وَلَعَذَابُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ أَخۡزَىٰۖ وَهُمۡ لَا يُنصَرُونَ

سورة فصلت
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So We sent against them a roaring wind[8] for several inauspicious days to make them taste a disgracing punishment in the life of this world, but the punishment of the Hereafter is far more disgracing, and they will not be helped.

﴿ وَمِمَّنۡ حَوۡلَكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ مُنَٰفِقُونَۖ وَمِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ مَرَدُواْ عَلَى ٱلنِّفَاقِ لَا تَعۡلَمُهُمۡۖ نَحۡنُ نَعۡلَمُهُمۡۚ سَنُعَذِّبُهُم مَّرَّتَيۡنِ ثُمَّ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ عَذَابٍ عَظِيمٖ

سورة التوبة
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Among the Bedouins around you are some hypocrites, as are from the people of Madinah; they are obstinate in their hypocrisy[76]. You do not know them; We know them. We will punish them twice[77], and then they will be brought back to a great punishment[78].

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not precede Ramadan by fasting a day or two unless a man has a habitual fast, then let him fast it."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade Muslims from fasting a day or two ahead of Ramadan out of cautiousness for Ramadan, because the obligation of fasting Ramadan is based on sighting the crescent, and there is no need for affectation. However, if someone has a habitual fast, such as fasting every other day or fasting on Mondays or Thursdays, and it coincides with this time, then he may fast. This is not considered a part of anticipating Ramadan. This also applies to obligatory fasts, such as making up for missed fasts or fulfilling a vow.

‘Ā'ishah and Umm Salāmah (may Allah be pleased with both of them) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) would sometimes get up at the time of Fajr while in a state of Janābah after having sexual intercourse with his wives, then he would take a ritual bath and fast.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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‘Ā'ishah and Umm Salāmah (may Allah be pleased with both of them) inform us that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to have sexual intercourse with his wives at night, and perhaps the time for Fajr prayer would come while he was in the state of Janābah and had not yet taken a ritual bath. If he were fasting on that day, he would complete his fast without making up for it. They mentioned this as an answer to Marwān ibn al-Hakam when he sent someone to ask them about this matter. This ruling applies in Ramadan and all other months.

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade fasting the two days: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Ad'ha; wearing a garment that is void of openings for hands; sitting on one’s buttocks while holding his both legs pulled back with his arms in case he wore only one garment; and praying after the Fajr and ‘Asr prayers.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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In this Hadīth the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade fasting the two days, two types of garments, and two prayers. The two days on which fasting is forbidden are Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Ad'ha, and the wisdom behind the prohibition of fasting these days is that it is not proper to fast on days of feast and delight. The two types of garments are wearing a garment that is void of openings for the hands, and sitting on one’s buttocks while holding his both legs pulled back with his arms in case he wore only one garment, it has been restricted in the narration of Al-Bukhāri: "If there is nothing covering his private parts." The two prayers are any prayer after the Fajr prayer and after the ‘Asr prayer; this is to eliminate any means leading to imitating the disbelievers who prostrate to the sun at the time of its rising and setting. However, it is permissible during this time to perform the obligatory prayer as well as prayers for specific reasons (i.e. entering the mosque and so on).

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever forgets while fasting and eats or drinks, let him complete his fast, for it is Allah Who fed him and gave him drink."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarified that whoever eats or drinks forgetfully while fasting, whether the fast is obligatory or voluntary, should complete his fast and not break it because he did not intend to break the fast; rather, it is sustenance that Allah provided him with, and it is Allah Who fed him and gave him drink.

Abu ‘Ubayd, the ex-slave of Ibn Az'har, reported: I witnessed Eid with ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said: These are two days that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade fasting: the day of breaking your fast, and the other day in which you eat from your sacrifice.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade fasting on the days of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Ad'ha. As for Eid al-Fitr, it is the day of breaking the fast after the month of Ramadan, and as for the day of Eid al-Ad'ha, it is the day of eating from the sacrifices.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: My close friend (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) advised me with three: fasting three days of every month, the two Rak‘ahs of Duha, and performing Witr before I sleep."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) informs that his beloved friend and companion (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) advised and entrusted him with three things: First: Fasting three days of every month. Second: Performing the two Rak‘ahs (unit of prayer) of Duha (forenoon prayer) daily. Third: Performing Witr before sleeping for whoever fears not waking up at the end of the night.

‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Seek out the Night of Qadr (Decree) in the odd nights of the last ten of Ramadan."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) encouraged diligence in pursuing and seeking out the Night of Qadr by increasing good deeds. It is more likely to occur during the odd nights of the last ten nights of Ramadan every year, which are: the 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th, and 29th nights.

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: Some men among the Companions of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) were shown the Night of Qadr in their dreams to be in the last seven. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I see that your visions have agreed on the last seven, so, whoever seeks it, let him seek it in the last seven."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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Some men among the Prophet's Companions saw in their dreams that the Night of Qadr is in the last seven nights of Ramadan. Thereupon, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: I see that your visions have agreed on the last seven nights of Ramadan. So, whoever seeks it and is keen on pursuing it, let him seek it and pursue it with diligence by increasing the good deeds, as it is more likely to be in the last seven, which start from the 24th night if the month of Ramadan is thirty days, or from the 23rd night if the month is twenty-nine days.

‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When the night approaches from this side, and the day retreats from that side, then it is time for the fasting person to break his fast."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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According to the Shariah, fasting time begins from dawn to sunset. In this Hadīth, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informs that the time of breaking the fast is when the night comes from the east and the day retreats from the west; i.e. when the sun sets In another narration: "When the night approaches from this side and the day retreats from that side and the sun sets, then it is time for the fasting person to break his fast." When this time comes, the fasting person should break his fast without delay, otherwise he will be blamed for such a delay. So, he should hasten to break his fast in obedience to Allah, the Almighty, and in compliance with His command, and in order to make the time of worship distinct from other times, and to enable himself to enjoy the permissible pleasures of life. “Then it is time for the fasting person to break his fast” has two possible meanings: 1. He is legally considered to have broken his fast once the time of breaking the fast comes, even if he has taken nothing to break it. Thus, the encouragement in some Hadīths to hasten the break of the fast refers to actual breaking, so as to accord with the Shariah meaning. 2. The time of breaking the fast has come, so he is encouraged to promptly break his fast. This meaning is more appropriate and supported by a narration of Al-Bukhāri, which reads: “The time of breaking the fast has come.”

‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: "I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I had vowed, before embracing Islam, to make I‘tikāf for one night – another narration reads: for one day – the Sacred Mosque." He said: "Then fulfill your vow."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
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‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) vowed in the pre-Islamic era that he would seclude himself for worship one night in the Sacred Mosque. So he asked the Prophet about the ruling regarding his vow, which he had made before embracing Islam. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered him to fulfill his vow.

If someone intends to do a good deed but was prevented by a valid excuse, he shall gain the reward of his intention.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

Variation of reward for good deeds is based on sincerity and following of the Prophet’s guidance. The more a person is sincere to Allah, and the keener he is on following the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), the more perfect his worship will be, and consequently his reward will be bigger.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

People differ with regards to their acts of worship according to their intentions. The intentions of some people have reached the ultimate level of sincerity (to Allah) and keenness in following the Sunnah (of the Messenger of Allah) with regard to doing good and righteous deeds, while the intentions of others are below that.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

Anyone partaking a role with transgressors and wrongdoers will share their punishment because it is inclusive.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

If someone intends to do a good deed but was prevented by a valid excuse, he shall gain the reward of his intention.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

Actions are recompensed according to the intentions behind them, and the individual shall receive the reward of what he intended even if the outcome was contrary to his intention.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

There is not a single good deed intended sincerely to please Allah except that its doer will be raised in rank and status thereby, so that he would reap the full reward.

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

Love and contentment is measured by good deeds and intentions because they are the criteria for Allah’s acceptance of the servant; perhaps a small deed reaps great reward because of the intention behind it and perhaps a big deed reaps little reward because of the intention behind it

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits

One of the proofs Allah supports the servant is the latter’s sincere endeavor to rectify his intention and purify his heart by good deeds.

هدايات لشرح رياض الصالحين

The path of Allah is one whereas the paths of the devil are many; and a truly guided individual is he whom Allah Almighty guided to His path. Allah Almighty said: {This is My straight path; follow it and do not follow other ways, lest they lead you away from His way.} [Surat al-An‘ām: 153]

Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits