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﴿ وَتَحۡسَبُهُمۡ أَيۡقَاظٗا وَهُمۡ رُقُودٞۚ وَنُقَلِّبُهُمۡ ذَاتَ ٱلۡيَمِينِ وَذَاتَ ٱلشِّمَالِۖ وَكَلۡبُهُم بَٰسِطٞ ذِرَاعَيۡهِ بِٱلۡوَصِيدِۚ لَوِ ٱطَّلَعۡتَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ لَوَلَّيۡتَ مِنۡهُمۡ فِرَارٗا وَلَمُلِئۡتَ مِنۡهُمۡ رُعۡبٗا ﴾

سورة الكهف

18. And you would have thought them awake, whereas they were asleep. And We turned them on their right and on their left sides, and their dog stretching forth his two forelegs at the entrance [of the Cave or in the space near to the entrance of the Cave (as a guard at the gate)]. Had you looked at them, you would certainly have turned back from them in flight, and would certainly have been filled with awe of them.

﴿ فَإِنَّ لِلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ ذَنُوبٗا مِّثۡلَ ذَنُوبِ أَصۡحَٰبِهِمۡ فَلَا يَسۡتَعۡجِلُونِ ﴾

سورة الذاريات

And indeed, for those who have wronged is a portion [of punishment] like the portion of their companions [i.e., predecessors], so let them not impatiently urge Me.

﴿ أُحِلَّ لَكُمۡ لَيۡلَةَ ٱلصِّيَامِ ٱلرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَآئِكُمۡۚ هُنَّ لِبَاسٞ لَّكُمۡ وَأَنتُمۡ لِبَاسٞ لَّهُنَّۗ عَلِمَ ٱللَّهُ أَنَّكُمۡ كُنتُمۡ تَخۡتَانُونَ أَنفُسَكُمۡ فَتَابَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَعَفَا عَنكُمۡۖ فَٱلۡـَٰٔنَ بَٰشِرُوهُنَّ وَٱبۡتَغُواْ مَا كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمۡۚ وَكُلُواْ وَٱشۡرَبُواْ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ ٱلۡخَيۡطُ ٱلۡأَبۡيَضُ مِنَ ٱلۡخَيۡطِ ٱلۡأَسۡوَدِ مِنَ ٱلۡفَجۡرِۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّواْ ٱلصِّيَامَ إِلَى ٱلَّيۡلِۚ وَلَا تُبَٰشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنتُمۡ عَٰكِفُونَ فِي ٱلۡمَسَٰجِدِۗ تِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا تَقۡرَبُوهَاۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَّقُونَ ﴾

سورة البقرة

It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives [for sexual relations]. They are a clothing for you and you are a clothing[67] for them. Allāh knows that you used to deceive yourselves,[68] so He accepted your repentance and forgave you. So now, have relations with them and seek that which Allāh has decreed for you [i.e., offspring]. And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]. Then complete the fast until the night [i.e., sunset]. And do not have relations with them as long as you are staying for worship in the mosques. These are the limits [set by] Allāh, so do not approach them. Thus does Allāh make clear His verses [i.e., ordinances] to the people that they may become righteous.

﴿ وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُم مِّنَ ٱلۡعَذَابِ ٱلۡأَدۡنَىٰ دُونَ ٱلۡعَذَابِ ٱلۡأَكۡبَرِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ ﴾

سورة السجدة

We will certainly make them taste some minor punishment[7] prior to the greater punishment[8], so that they may return.

﴿ فَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَأُهۡلِكُواْ بِٱلطَّاغِيَةِ ﴾

سورة الحاقة

As for Thamūd, they were destroyed by a dreadful blast.

﴿ وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌۖ أُجِيبُ دَعۡوَةَ ٱلدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِۖ فَلۡيَسۡتَجِيبُواْ لِي وَلۡيُؤۡمِنُواْ بِي لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡشُدُونَ ﴾

سورة البقرة

When My slaves ask you concerning Me, I am indeed near[83]. I respond to the call of the supplicant when he calls upon Me; so they should respond to Me and believe in Me, so that they may be guided.

﴿ إِن تَدۡعُوهُمۡ لَا يَسۡمَعُواْ دُعَآءَكُمۡ وَلَوۡ سَمِعُواْ مَا ٱسۡتَجَابُواْ لَكُمۡۖ وَيَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ يَكۡفُرُونَ بِشِرۡكِكُمۡۚ وَلَا يُنَبِّئُكَ مِثۡلُ خَبِيرٖ ﴾

سورة فاطر

If you invoke them, they do not hear your supplication; and if they heard, they would not respond to you. And on the Day of Resurrection they will deny your association.[1247] And none can inform you like [one] Aware [of all matters].

﴿ فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوۡسَيۡنِ أَوۡ أَدۡنَىٰ ﴾

سورة النجم

until he was only two bow-lengths away or even closer.

﴿ وَٱللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمۡ وَمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ ﴾

سورة الصافات

96. "While Allâh has created you and what you make!"

﴿ وَإِذَا ٱلنُّفُوسُ زُوِّجَتۡ ﴾

سورة التكوير

7. And when the souls are joined with their bodies, (the good with the good and the bad with the bad).

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‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The wife of Rifā‘ah al-Qurazhi came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "I was with Rifā‘ah al-Qurazhi, and he divorced me and it was an irrevocable divorce. Then I married ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn Az-Zubayr, and he only has the like of a garment's fringe." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) smiled and said: "Do you want to go back to Rifā‘ah? Not until you taste his sweetness and he tastes your sweetness (have sexual intercourse)." She (‘Ā'ishah) said: "Abu Bakr was with him, and Khālid ibn Sa‘īd was at the door waiting to be allowed in. Khālid called out: 'O Abu Bakr, do you not hear what this [woman] is saying? What is she saying openly in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!'"

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The wife of Rifā‘ah al-Qurazhi came to complain about her situation to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). She told him that she was married to Rifā‘ah, who gave her a third irrevocable divorce. Then she married ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn Az-Zubayr who, nevertheless, could not have sexual intercourse with her, because of his inability to have a penile erection. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) smiled at her explicit words, which women would usually feel too shy to say. He understood that she wanted his judgment to go back to her ex-husband, Rifā‘ah. The lady believed that she was now lawful for Rifā‘ah on the grounds of her marriage contract with ‘Abdur-Rahmān. However, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) refused to grant her that judgment. To become lawful for her ex-husband, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: She must have sexual intercourse with her new husband. Abu Bakr was with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and Khālid ibn Sa‘īd was standing at the door, waiting to be allowed in. So Khālid called out to Abu Bakr in resentment at what the lady said to the Prophet. Indeed, the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) had great reverence and esteem for the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). We ask Allah to grant us respect for and compliance with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him).

Az-Zubayr ibn al-‘Awwām (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he was married to Umm Kulthūm bint ‘Uqbah when she said to him, while being pregnant: "Make me happy by proclaiming divorce one time.” So he divorced her once, then went out to the prayer. He returned after she had given birth to a child, then he said: “What is the matter with her? She deceived me! May Allah deceive her!” Then he came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who then said: “Her prescribed waiting period after divorce is over. Propose to her anew.”

Narrated by Ibn Majah

Az-Zubayr ibn al-‘Awwām was married to Umm Kulthūm bint ‘Uqbah, who asked him while she was pregnant to bring her some happiness by making one proclamation of divorce. Apparently she did not love him and wanted to part from him irrevocably. So, she asked him to divorce her with one proclamation when she realized that her delivery is immanent, knowing that the prescribed waiting period after divorce for the pregnant woman ends by giving birth to her baby. So, he divorced her once, then went out to the prayer. He returned after she had delivered her baby. Whereupon he said: “What is the matter with her? She deceived me! May Allah deceive her!” Deception is one of the attributes of Divine Acts; however, Allah, the Almighty, is not described by such an attribute independently in the absolute sense. Rather, He could be described by this attribute only in a reciprocal context, such as saying "Allah deceives whoever attempts to deceive Him, as He does with the hypocrites, those who devise evil plots for the believers, and the like. It is not permissible to interpret this attribute by saying Az-Zubayr wanted to say that Allah would penalize her for her deception. Rather, this attribute must be affirmed exactly as the other Attributes of Allah, the Almighty, without distorting or denying the meaning and without likening it or descriibng how it is. Then, Az-Zubayr came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him of what had happened between him and his wife. He told him that her prescribed waiting period after divorce was over earlier than he expected, and that divorce had been already granted. Then the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) instructed him to propose marriage to her anew, because he no longer had any authority over her after the passage of her prescribed waiting period.

Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The (pronouncement) of three divorces during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and that of Abu Bakr and two years of the caliphate of ‘Umar (was treated) as one. Then ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb said: "Indeed, people hasten to a matter in which they used to act with deliberation. So if we would count them as three divorces," and he did that.

Narrated by Muslim

This Hadīth shows that the triple divorce that used to occur during the time of the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him; the Caliphate of Abu Bakr; and the two years of the caliphate of ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was considered as one divorce. That is, the three successive pronouncements of divorce would count as one. For example, if a man says to his wife: "You are divorced" three times at once, this counts as one consequential divorce. However, if a man said "You are divorced thrice," gathering the three times of divorce in a single statement, this was meaningless and of no effect, thus, it would count as a single incident of divorce. When people started to act ruthlessly with regard to divorce and used it excessively and flippantly, ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wanted to stop people from rushing to a triple divorce. Therefore, he counted the triple divorce as three incidents rather than one. The scholars said that the pronouncement of divorce that counted as three incidents of divorce during ‘Umar's time only counted as one before his time. That is because people would not resort to the triple divorce and rarely used it. However, during ‘Umar's time, people used it frequently, so ‘Umar made it effective and counted it as three.

Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: ‘Abd Yazīd — the father of Rukānah and his siblings — divorced Umm Rukānah and married a woman from Muzaynah. So the new wife came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "He does not satisfy me except like this hair does — referring to a hair that she took from her head — so separate between me and him." So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) got angry and called Rukānah and his siblings. Then he said to those who were sitting with them: "Do you see that so-and-so resembles him in such-and-such?" meaning ‘Abd Yazīd, "and so-and-so resembles him in such-and-such?" They said: 'Yes.' Therefore, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to ‘Abd Yazīd: "Divorce her." So he did. Then he said: "Restore your wife, the mother of Rukānah and his siblings." He said: "I have divorced her thrice, O Messenger of Allah." He said: "I know; restore her." And he recited: {O Prophet, when you [Muslims] divorce women, divorce them for [the commencement of] their waiting period and keep count of the waiting period.} [Sūrat At-Talāq: 1]

Narrated by Abu Daoud

‘Abd Yazīd, the father of Rukānah and his siblings, divorced the mother of Rukānah and married a woman from Muzaynah. This woman came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said that Abu Rukānah was impotent, so he could not have sexual intercourse with her, and asked for separation. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) became angry on that account and called Rukānah and his siblings and said to those who were sitting with him whether they recognized similarity in features between Rukānah and his siblings and their father, concluding that they were the children of ‘Abd Yazīd, and thus ‘Abd Yazīd was not impotent, as his new wife from Muzaynah claimed. As people recognized a similarity, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked ‘Abd Yazīd to divorce the woman, and he did so. Then he asked him to restore his ex-wife, the mother of Rukānah and his siblings. ‘Abd Yazīd said that he had divorced her three times in one session. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said that he knew that and remarked that three utterances of divorce in one session are considered one divorce. He recited: {O Prophet, when you [Muslims] divorce women, divorce them for [the commencement of] their waiting period and keep count of the waiting period} [Sūrat At-Talāq: 1]. So ‘Abd Yazīd restored his ex-wife. According to a narration of Ahmad: Abu Rukānah divorced his wife three times in one session and regretted what he did. So the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) told him that they counted as one divorce only.

‘Imrān ibn Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he was asked about a person who divorced his wife and then had intercourse with her without calling any witnesses to the divorce or the reunion. He said: "You divorced (in a manner that is) against the Sunnah and took back (in a manner that is) against the Sunnah. Call someone to bear witness to her divorce and to her reunion, and do not do that again."

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by Abu Daoud

In this Hadīth, ‘Imrān ibn Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) was asked about a man who divorced his wife and then had intercourse with her after he took her back in marriage, but without calling anybody to witness either divorce or reunion. ‘Imrān (may Allah be pleased with him) answered that such a husband has violated the Sunnah in both cases as he has not brought witnesses to the divorce or to the reunion. He ordered him to bring witnesses for the divorce and the reunion and to avoid doing so again.

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "A slave has two counts of divorce to discharge toward his free wife, who shall observe a waiting period of three menstrual cycles. A free man has two counts of divorce to discharge toward his slave wife, who shall observe a waiting period of two menstrual cycles."

Al-Bayhaqi - Narrated by Ad-Daraqutny - ‘Abdur-Razzaaq

In this tradition, Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) mentions that a slave man who is owned by a master can divorce his free wife or his slave wife twice only. His free wife should then observe a waiting period of three menstrual cycles. Likewise, a free man can divorce his slave wife twice only, who then should observe a waiting period of two menstrual cycles.

Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The wife of Thābit ibn Qays came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, I do not blame Thābit for any defect in his character or his religion, but as a Muslim, I dislike to act ungratefully." On that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said (to her): "Will you give him his garden back?" She said: 'Yes.' Then the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to Thābit: "Accept (to take back) the garden, and divorce her once."

Narrated by Bukhari

This Hadīth shows that the wife of Thābit ibn Qays (may Allah be pleased with him) (who was one of the best Companions) came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and told him that she did not disapprove of Thābit's religiosity and morality, for he was one of the best observant and ethical Companions. However, she feared that if she continued to live with him, she would act ungratefully and neglect his duties, a practice that represents a violation of Shariah. She disliked him because he looked ugly. Therefore, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) suggested to Thābit that his wife should return to him the garden that he had given her as a dowry and he should give her an irrevocable divorce. Thābit (may Allah be pleased with him) complied. Muslim jurists consider this Hadīth the basic textual reference on Khul‘ (wife-initiated divorce).

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "When the period of four months has passed, the husband should be put in prison so that he divorces his wife, but the divorce does not occur unless the husband himself declares it."

Narrated by Bukhari

In this Hadīth Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) shows that the maximum lawful period for taking an oath not to have sexual intercourse with the wife is four months. Exceeding this time limit is impermissible, and the husband must either break his oath and return to normal or divorce his wife. Yet, the elapsing of the four months does not by itself constitute a divorce or annulment of marriage. Instead, divorce occurs only when the husband himself issues it, even if he was forced by the judge, because in such a case he is forced to divorce his wife based on a rightful cause.

Sulaymān ibn Yasār said: "I have seen more than ten of the Companions of the Messengers of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him); they all stopped the 'Mūli'."

Narrated by Ad-Daraqutny - Ash-Shaafi‘i

This citation attributed to Sulaymān ibn Yasār (may Allah have mercy upon him), who is one of the Tabi‘īn, indicates that a group of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with him) would stop and give respite to the Mūli. When four months were over, they would give the man the choice to either divorce his wife or return to her, that is, to have sex with her, so as to not harm her. Nevertheless, he has to expiate his oath of Ilā. According to the majority of the scholars, divorce does not become effective as soon as the four-month duration is over. Rather, the divorce must be pronounced so that it becomes effective. Finally, this tradition indicates that stopping the Mūli and giving respite to him was a famous ruling among the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them).

Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The people of the pre-Islamic era of ignorance would practice Īlā' (take an oath not to have sexual intercourse with their wives) for a duration of one or two years. Then Allah timed the effective duration of this oath. So, for those who swear not to approach their wives for less than four months, the oath is not effective.

Al-Bayhaqi - At-Tabaraani - Sa‘eed ibn Mansoor