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﴿ أَلَآ إِنَّهُم مِّنۡ إِفۡكِهِمۡ لَيَقُولُونَ ﴾

سورة الصافات

151. Verily, it is of their falsehood that they (Quraish pagans) say:

﴿ ٱلَّذِينَ يَحۡمِلُونَ ٱلۡعَرۡشَ وَمَنۡ حَوۡلَهُۥ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّهِمۡ وَيُؤۡمِنُونَ بِهِۦ وَيَسۡتَغۡفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْۖ رَبَّنَا وَسِعۡتَ كُلَّ شَيۡءٖ رَّحۡمَةٗ وَعِلۡمٗا فَٱغۡفِرۡ لِلَّذِينَ تَابُواْ وَٱتَّبَعُواْ سَبِيلَكَ وَقِهِمۡ عَذَابَ ٱلۡجَحِيمِ ﴾

سورة غافر

Those [angels] who bear the Throne and those around it glorify their Lord with His praise and believe in Him, and seek forgiveness for those who believe, [saying], “Our Lord, Your mercy and knowledge encompass everything, so forgive those who repent and follow Your way, and protect them from the punishment of the Blazing Fire.

﴿ كَبُرَ مَقۡتًا عِندَ ٱللَّهِ أَن تَقُولُواْ مَا لَا تَفۡعَلُونَ ﴾

سورة الصف

It is most loathsome to Allah that you say what you do not do.

﴿ فَأَسۡرِ بِأَهۡلِكَ بِقِطۡعٖ مِّنَ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَٱتَّبِعۡ أَدۡبَٰرَهُمۡ وَلَا يَلۡتَفِتۡ مِنكُمۡ أَحَدٞ وَٱمۡضُواْ حَيۡثُ تُؤۡمَرُونَ ﴾

سورة الحجر

So travel with your household in the dark of night and go behind them; none of you should look back[31], and keep going to where you are commanded.”

﴿ أَوۡ يَذَّكَّرُ فَتَنفَعَهُ ٱلذِّكۡرَىٰٓ ﴾

سورة عبس

or he might take heed and benefit from the reminder?

﴿ وَٱلَّذِينَ هُم بِـَٔايَٰتِ رَبِّهِمۡ يُؤۡمِنُونَ ﴾

سورة المؤمنون

58. And those who believe in the Ayât (proofs, evidence, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) of their Lord;

﴿ قَالَ رَبُّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَآۖ إِن كُنتُم مُّوقِنِينَ ﴾

سورة الشعراء

Moses said, “The Lord of the heavens and earth and all that is between them, if only you had sure faith.”

﴿ فَأَصَابَهُمۡ سَيِّـَٔاتُ مَا عَمِلُواْ وَحَاقَ بِهِم مَّا كَانُواْ بِهِۦ يَسۡتَهۡزِءُونَ ﴾

سورة النحل

They were afflicted by the evil consequences of their deeds, and they were overwhelmed by what they used to ridicule.

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‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar, Abu Hurayrah, and Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When the heat is intense, delay the prayer until it becomes fairly cool, for intense heat is from the boiling and breathing of Hellfire."

Narrated by Bukhari - Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that the Zhuhr Prayer should be delayed when the heat is intense, which is from the breathing and blaze of Hellfire, to a time when it is fairly cool, so that one is not distracted by heat and grief from submissiveness in prayer.

Al-Barā' ibn ‘Āzib (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I watched the prayer of Muhammad (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and found his standing, his bowing, standing after bowing, prostration, sitting between the two prostrations, prostration, and sitting between Taslīm and going away, nearly equal to one another.' Another narration reads: ''Except the standing and the sitting, (other postures) were nearly equal.”

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Al-Barā ibn ‘Āzib (may Allah be pleased with him) describes the Prophet's prayer as he watched him closely to learn how he prayed and follow his example. He mentioned that all the Prophet's postures were in proportion. So, his standing for recitation and sitting for the Tashahhud were proportional to bowing, standing up after bowing, and prostration. He would not prolong his standing and shorten his bowing, nor would he prolong his prostration and shorten his standing. Rather, he would keep each posture commensurate with others. This does not mean that his standing and sitting for Tashahhud were exactly equal in length to his bowing and prostration. It means that he would not shorten one and prolong the other.

Abu Juhaym ibn al-Hārith ibn As-Simmah al-Ansāri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If the person passing in front of someone praying knew the extent of the guilt he is incurring, he would prefer to stand for forty rather than pass in front him." Abu An-Nadr said: "I am not sure if he said forty days, months, or years."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The praying person is standing before his Lord, the Almighty, supplicating Him privately and calling upon Him. If someone passes in front of him while being in this state, he will interrupt his private supplication and disturb his worship. That is why it has become a great sin to disturb the Muslim’s prayer by passing in front of him. So, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informed us that if one knew the sin and misdeed earned from such an act, he would prefer to stand in his place for 'forty' rather than pass in front of someone praying. Therefore, a Muslim should beware of this act and avoid doing it. The narrator was unsure of what was meant by 'forty': are they forty days, months, or years? However, the number mentioned is not intended to restrict it to a certain period of time; rather, it is intended to emphasize the prohibition.

Talhah ibn ‘Ubaydullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We used to pray and animals would pass in front of us. We mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) so he said: "If anything, like the back of the saddle, is placed in front of anyone of you, then nothing that passes in front of him (but behind that thing) can harm him."

Narrated by Muslim

Talhah ibn ‘Ubaydullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) informs us that they used to pray and that animals would pass in front of them. They mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) so he told them that as long as there is something between the praying person and the passer-by, like the end of a saddle, then his passing will not harm him. Some of the benefits of the Sutrah are: maintaining the prayer, staying away from things that reduce its reward, repelling any guilt from the passer-by, and sparing him any difficulty or embarrassment.

Sabrah ibn Ma‘bad al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When anyone of you prays, let him do so behind a barrier, even if an arrow."

Narrated by Ahmad

The Hadīth points out that it is recommended for a person to put something before him as a barrier when he offers prayer. That barrier can be anything he sets up in front of him, even if it were short or thin like an arrow. Indeed, this is one of the manifestations of the ease and leniency of the Islamic Shariah.

Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "When one of you stands up to pray, he should put a screen in front of him as tall as the height of the back of a saddle. If he does not have something the height of the back of a saddle in front of him, his prayer would be invalidated if a donkey, a woman, or a black dog passed in front of him." I asked: “O Abu Dharr, what is the difference between a black dog and a red or a yellow dog?” He said: “O nephew, I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) the same question and he answered: "A black dog is a devil.” According to a narration by Ibn ‘Abbās: "Prayer is invalidated by [the passing of] a menstruating woman and a dog."

Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Muslim

When someone stands up to pray, he should place a screen the height of the back of a saddle (approximately two-thirds of a cubit) in front of him, otherwise his prayer would be invalidated by the passing of any one of these three in front of him: a woman - restricted to a menstruating woman in the narration of Abu Dawūd - a donkey, or a black dog. However, if he places a screen in front of him, his prayer will be valid regardless of anything passing by on the other side of the screen, including those three. The narrator, ‘Abdullāh ibn As-Sāmit, asked: “O Abu Dharr: "What is the difference between a black dog and a red or a yellow dog?” Meaning: why did the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) single out a black dog? He said: “O nephew, I asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) the same question, and he answered: "A black dog is a devil.” According to the Saudi Arabian Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Iftā', this Hadīth means that the passing of a woman, a donkey, or a black dog in front of someone praying, renders the prayer void. However, some scholars thought that the intended meaning was that one’s focus in prayer would be interrupted or the prayer’s perfection would be compromised, rather than it would render the prayer void or invalid.

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prayed wearing a striped garment and glanced at the stripes. When he had finished, he said: "Take this garment of mine to Abu Jahm and bring me his plain garment, because this one has distracted me from my prayer." In another narration: "I was looking at the stripes while I was praying, so I fear that it will distract me."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Abu Jahm had gifted the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) an embellished colored garment. It was the Prophet's good manners to accept gifts in appreciation of the giver's thought. So he accepted the garment from Abu Jahm and prayed in it. As the garment was colored and embellished, it caught the Prophet's eye and distracted him from concentrating fully on his prayer. He therefore asked someone to return it to Abu Jahm and asked in return a plain garment with no color or embellishment, in order to reassure and not upset him through the return of his gift.

Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) drew the curtain (of his chamber) aside to see the people standing in rows behind Abu Bakr in prayer. He then said: "O people, there is nothing remaining of the glad tidings of prophet-hood except a good vision that a Muslim sees or someone else sees it for him. Verily, I have been forbidden to recite the Qur'an while bowing or prostrating. So, while bowing, glorify the Lord, and while prostrating, engage in supplication diligently, for it is most likely that your supplications would be answered."

Narrated by Muslim

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) lifted the curtain that covered the door of his house and saw the people standing in rows behind Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and praying in congregation. Because of his illness, he could not lead them in prayer and ordered Abu Bakr to lead them instead. Then, he addressed them saying: "O People, there is nothing that remained from the glad tidings of prophet-hood except a good vision." After the death of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and the cessation of revelation, nothing remained but the good vision (dreams); i.e. the true vision that conforms to reality. The believers see such vision in their sleep, so they rejoice at it and increase in their steadfastness upon faith. A good vision is considered part of prophet-hood because the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to see visions that came true as evident as daylight at the first stage of his prophet-hood. He described visions as "glad tidings" because most visions herald good news; however, some visions are a plain and true warning that Allah, the Almighty, sends to the believer out of mercy so that he prepares himself in advance for what will befall him. Therefore, a good vision is either glad tidings for the believer or a warning to alert him from a state of heedlessness. "that a Muslim sees for himself or others see it for him": the good vision may be seen by the person himself or by someone else who sees a vision about him. "I have been forbidden to recite the Qur’an while bowing or prostrating": he meant that Allah, the Almighty forbade him from reciting the Qur’an during bowing or prostrating on the ground. In principle, the whole Ummah is forbidden to do what the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was forbidden to do. They follow him in this respect unless there is evidence to denote that the ruling is specific to him. This forbiddance applies if the person intends the recitation of the Qur'an per se during his bowing and prostration. However, if he intends to supplicate Allah by reciting the Qur'an, then there is nothing wrong with that. This is supported by the Hadīth which reads: "... and every person will only get what he has intended." The wisdom behind this forbiddance – and Allah knows best – is that bowing and prostration are two positions of humiliation and submission. Also, prostration is offered on the ground, so it is inappropriate to recite the Glorious Qur’an in such a state. "So while bowing, glorify the Lord, may He be Exalted": i.e. say words like: "Glory be to my Lord, the Greatest" and similar phrases of exaltation and glorification that are reported to be said when bowing. "and while prostrating, engage in supplication diligently": i.e. the Muslim who performs prayers should supplicate Allah a great deal during his prostration as it is most likely that his supplications would be answered while prostrating. It is authentically reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The condition in which a slave is closest to His Lord is when he is prostrating, so supplicate Allah a lot." However, this has to be combined with saying "Glory be to My Lord, the Most High", as saying this phrase is obligatory in prostration. "It is most likely that your supplication would be answered": Allah, the Almighty, will most likely respond to your supplications when you are nearest to Him in prostration. The cases where a person is recommended to prolong his supplication and offer a great deal thereof is when he is praying alone or with a congregation that favors prolonged supplications (during prostration).

Abu Juhaym ibn al-Hārith ibn As-Simmah al-Ansāri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported directly from the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) that he said: "If the one passing in front of a person who is praying would know the gravity of his sin, it would have been better for him to stand for forty than to pass in front him." Abu An-Nadr said: "I am not sure if he said forty days, months, or years."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The praying person is standing before his Lord, conversing with Him in privacy and calling upon Him. If someone passes by him in this state, he interrupts this private conversation and disturbs his worship. That is why it is a serious sin on the part of whoever causes disturbance of a person's prayer by passing in front of him. So the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informed us that if a person would know the consequences of his passing; meaning: the sin and misdeed that he incurs, he would have preferred to stand in his place for extended periods of time than to pass in front of someone during his praying. Therefore, a Muslim must guard against this action and avoid it.

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When anyone of you prays towards an object that acts as a barrier between him and the people and then someone tries to pass in front of him, he should push him away; and if he insists, he should fight him, for indeed he is a devil."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim