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﴿ وَأَمۡطَرۡنَا عَلَيۡهِم مَّطَرٗاۖ فَسَآءَ مَطَرُ ٱلۡمُنذَرِينَ ﴾
سورة الشعراء
and We poured down upon them a rain [of stones]. How terrible was the rain of those who were warned!
﴿ وَإِنِّي مُرۡسِلَةٌ إِلَيۡهِم بِهَدِيَّةٖ فَنَاظِرَةُۢ بِمَ يَرۡجِعُ ٱلۡمُرۡسَلُونَ ﴾
سورة النمل
But indeed, I will send to them a gift and see with what [reply] the messengers will return."
﴿ يَوۡمَ يَقُولُ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقُونَ وَٱلۡمُنَٰفِقَٰتُ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱنظُرُونَا نَقۡتَبِسۡ مِن نُّورِكُمۡ قِيلَ ٱرۡجِعُواْ وَرَآءَكُمۡ فَٱلۡتَمِسُواْ نُورٗاۖ فَضُرِبَ بَيۡنَهُم بِسُورٖ لَّهُۥ بَابُۢ بَاطِنُهُۥ فِيهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَةُ وَظَٰهِرُهُۥ مِن قِبَلِهِ ٱلۡعَذَابُ ﴾
سورة الحديد
On the [same] Day the hypocrite men and hypocrite women will say to those who believed, "Wait for us that we may acquire some of your light." It will be said, "Go back behind you[1630] and seek light." And a wall will be placed between them with a door, its interior containing mercy, but on the outside of it is torment.
﴿ قَالَ فَٱهۡبِطۡ مِنۡهَا فَمَا يَكُونُ لَكَ أَن تَتَكَبَّرَ فِيهَا فَٱخۡرُجۡ إِنَّكَ مِنَ ٱلصَّٰغِرِينَ ﴾
سورة الأعراف
[Allāh] said, "Descend from it [i.e., Paradise], for it is not for you to be arrogant therein. So get out; indeed, you are of the debased."
﴿ لَعَلَّنَا نَتَّبِعُ ٱلسَّحَرَةَ إِن كَانُواْ هُمُ ٱلۡغَٰلِبِينَ ﴾
سورة الشعراء
That we might follow the magicians if they are the predominant?"
﴿ جَهَنَّمَ يَصۡلَوۡنَهَاۖ وَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡقَرَارُ ﴾
سورة إبراهيم
[It is] Hell, which they will [enter to] burn, and wretched is the settlement.
﴿ عَلَيۡهِمۡ نَارٞ مُّؤۡصَدَةُۢ ﴾
سورة البلد
who will be locked up in the Fire.
﴿ يُولِجُ ٱلَّيۡلَ فِي ٱلنَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ ٱلنَّهَارَ فِي ٱلَّيۡلِ وَسَخَّرَ ٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَۖ كُلّٞ يَجۡرِي لِأَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗىۚ ذَٰلِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ رَبُّكُمۡ لَهُ ٱلۡمُلۡكُۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ تَدۡعُونَ مِن دُونِهِۦ مَا يَمۡلِكُونَ مِن قِطۡمِيرٍ ﴾
سورة فاطر
He merges the night into the day and the day into the night, and subjected the sun and the moon, each running its course for an appointed term. Such is Allah, your Lord. To Him belongs the dominion, whereas those whom you invoke besides Him do not own so much as the membrane of a date stone.
Abu Nujayd ‘Imrān ibn Husayn al-Khuza‘i (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a woman from Juhaynah came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) when she was pregnant from adultery. She said: ''O Messenger of Allah, I have committed something that entails a prescribed punishment on me, so apply it to me.'' The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) called her guardian and said to him: ''Be kind to her, and when she has given birth, come to me.'' He did accordingly. So the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) commanded that her clothes be tied around her, and should be stoned to death. Then he offered the funeral prayer for her. However, ‘Umar said to him: ''O Messenger of Allah, you pray over her although she had committed adultery?'' He said: ''Indeed she has made such a repentance that if it were to be divided among seventy from the people of Madīnah, it would be enough for them all. Has she found something better than offering her own soul to Allah, Glorified and Exalted?''
Narrated by Muslim
A woman from the tribe of Juhaynah came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) as she was pregnant from adultery. She asked him to apply the prescribed punishment to her. Therefore, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) called her guardian and told him to treat her kindly and then bring her to him after she delivers her baby. When she gave birth, her guardian brought her to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who then ordered that her clothes be tied well around her so that her body would not be exposed, and then ordered stoning her to death. Afterwards, he offered the funeral prayer over her and made supplications for her. ‘Umar wondered why the Prophet prayed over her, despite the fact that she had fornicated. Hence, the Prophet told him that she had made a great repentance that would be useful to seventy sinners from among the people of Madīnah, if it were to be spread over them. That is because the lady came willingly and submitted herself for the sake of Allah, so as to rid herself of her sin. Is there anything greater than what she did?
‘Imrān ibn al-Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A woman from the tribe of Juhaynah came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) while she was pregnant from adultery, and she said to him: "O Messenger of Allah, I have committed a sin liable to the legal punishment, so execute the legal punishment on me." The Messenger of Allah called her guardian and said to him: "Treat her kindly and bring her to me after she delivers (her baby)." The man complied with the order, and the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) commanded that the legal punishment be executed on her. Her clothes were secured around her and she was stoned to death. The Prophet then led the funeral prayer over her.
Narrated by Muslim
A woman from the tribe Juhaynah came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) while she was pregnant from adultery and said to him: "O Messenger of Allah, I have committed a sin liable to the legal punishment, so execute the legal punishment on me." She wanted the Prophet to subject her to the prescribed punishment for adultery, which is stoning to death because she was a married woman. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) called her guardian and said to him: "Treat her kindly, and bring her to me after she delivers (her baby)." The Prophet ordered him to treat her kindly for fear of what he and her family might do to her because of the disgrace her sin had brought upon them all. So the Prophet told him to be kind to her to prevent them from harming her and as mercy for her since she repented of her sin. He encouraged kindness towards her because people commonly shun the likes of her and might speak to her harshly. After delivering her child, she was brought to the Prophet who ordered her to wait until she weans the child. When she had weaned it, she came to the Prophet so he ordered that the punishment be executed on her. He also ordered that her clothes be secured so that they would not become disarranged during the stoning and thus reveal her body. She was then stoned to death and he offered the funeral prayer over her.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: ''Let a flogged fornicator marry none but his like.''
Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad
This Hadīth shows a form of invalid marriages; that is the marriage of a fornicator who did not repent of fornication, which is proven against him. He is not allowed to marry a chaste Muslim woman. Only a woman guilty of fornication may marry him, for both are suitable to each other. This is applicable so long as one does not repent of the grave sin of fornication. Likewise, for a woman who committed fornication, a Muslim man is not allowed to marry her, so long as she does not repent. Flogging is mentioned here as a common description, because, in most cases, a person guilty of fornication undergoes the punishment of flogging. However, the ruling applies to the fornicator who has not been flogged as well. In both cases, the marriage contract is invalid. Allah, the Almighty, says: {The fornicator does not marry except a [female] fornicator or polytheist, and none marries her except a fornicator.} [Sūrat An-Nūr: 3]
‘Ikrimah reported that ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) burned some people and this news reached Ibn ‘Abbās, who said: "Had I been in his place, I would not have burned them, as the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Do not punish (anybody) with Allah's punishment.' No doubt, I would have killed them, for the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'If a Muslim changes his religion, kill him.'"
Narrated by Bukhari
This Hadīth says that ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) burned some heretics who had manifested their apostasy. Ibn ‘Abbās was informed of the situation, so he said that he would not have burned them, for the Prophet forbade burning with fire. The ruling for a Muslim who changes his religion is to be killed, without being burned. This ruling applies to both males and females.
Ibn ‘Umar reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) beat and exiled, Abu Bakr beat and exiled, and ‘Umar beat and exiled.
Narrated by At-Termedhy
In this Hadīth, Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) applied the punishment of fornication on virgin fornicators with one hundred lashes and one year of exile. Abu Bakr and ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with both of hem, did the same. So, this is proof that exiling is part and parcel of the prescribed punishment for fornication. It was not abrogated, for it was applied after the Prophet's death.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "May Allah curse the thief who steals an egg and his hand is cut off for that, and he steals a rope and his hand is cut off for that."
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
The Hadīth indicates that the curse, which is being expelled and distanced from Allah’s mercy, is applicable to thieves. This is because a thief steals insignificant things like an egg and a rope and becomes accustomed to stealing small things and ends up stealing bigger things. This causes his hand to be cut off, and he deserves the invocation of curse which the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) made against him, or the information that he is cursed.
Safwān ibn Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I was sleeping in the mosque while covered by a Khamīsah cloak of mine whose price was thirty dirhams. A man came and snatched it away from me. The man was seized and brought to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) who ordered that his hand should be cut off. I came to him and said: "Will you cut off his hand for the sake of only thirty dirhams? I will sell it to him on credit." He said: "Why did you not say this before bringing him to me?"
Narrated by Ibn Majah - An-Nasaa’i - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad
Safwān ibn Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him) was sleeping in the mosque covered by his checked cloak. A thief swiftly snatched that cloak away, but he was caught and brought to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) to be punished for theft. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that the hand of the thief should be cut off. It seems that Sawfān,(may Allah be pleased with him) felt sympathy for the thief, so he said to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him): "Will you cut off his hand for the sake of only thirty dirhams?" Then he suggested to sell the cloak to the thief on credit and give him time until he can pay its price. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said that this pardon should have been made before bringing the thief to him, because pardon is void if it is made after any of the prescribed corporal punishments is brought to the judge or ruler.
Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A man who had drunk alcohol was brought to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and he gave the man about forty lashes with two palm branches. Anas added: “Abu Bakr did the same, but when ‘Umar became the caliph, he consulted the people, and ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn ‘Awf said: ‘The lightest prescribed punishment is eighty (lashes).' So ‘Umar gave his commands accordingly."
Al-Bukhari and Muslim. This is the wording of Muslim
The Hadīth indicated that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gave a man who had drunk alcohol around forty lashes using palm branches. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) applied the same punishment. However, when people started drinking more alcohol after the conquest of the Levant and other countries, where Muslims acquired many grapes and vineyards, ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) consulted the Companions in regard to the punishment. When he consulted ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn ‘Awf (may Allah be pleased with him), he said that the punishment for drinking alcohol should be escalated and the mildest punishment for drinking alcohol should be eighty lashes. Most of the Companions accepted this suggestion, and this opinion was adopted by the majority of Muslim jurists. The punishment for drinking alcohol was originally established by the Shariah and is not subject to Ijtihād (independent reasoning). Yet, the Ijtihād of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with him) was only used to increase the punishment when drinking alcohol intensified and became rampant and people were not deterred by the previous number of lashes.
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Jews came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him that a man and a woman from among them had committed unlawful sexual intercourse. The Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked them: "What do you find in the Torah about stoning?" They said: "We disclose their sin and flog them." ‘Abdullāh ibn Salām said: "You have lied! The verse of stoning is there (in the Torah)." They fetched the Torah, spread it out, and one of them placed his hand over the verse of stoning. He recited what was before it and what was after it. Thereupon, ‘Abdullāh ibn Salām told him to lift his hand. He lifted his hand and there was the verse of stoning. They said: "He has spoken the truth, O Muhammad." So, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that they be stoned. ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar added: "I saw the man leaning over the woman to protect her from the stones."
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
When a man and a woman from among the Jews committed adultery during the Prophet's time, the Jews came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) seeking his judgment in the hope that they would get something lighter than the punishment of adultery in the Torah, which is stoning. So, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked them about Allah's judgment in the Torah, only to expose them, not to act upon it. They lied to him, saying that the judgment was to expose the adulterers. On hearing that, ‘Abdullāh ibn Salām (may Allah be pleased with him) said that they were lying. When they checked the Torah, they found the ruling of adultery, which is stoning the married adulterer. Hence, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) commanded the punishment to be inflicted on the adulterers. Our Islamic law is dominant over any other law and abrogates it. In this Hadīth, however, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked them about the ruling of the Torah on stoning the adulterer in order to establish the argument against them through their own book, which they claimed that it did not include the ruling of stoning the married adulterer. Furthermore, he aimed thereby to show them that all the books of Allah are in agreement on that eternal ruling which involves deterrence to the sinners.
‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Quraysh were greatly concerned about the case of the Makhzūmi woman who had committed theft. They wondered who should intercede for her with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). Some said: "Only Usāmah ibn Zayd, the Prophet’s beloved one, would dare do so." As Usāmah spoke to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) about this issue, he said to him: "Do you intercede regarding one of the punishments prescribed by Allah?" Then, he got up and addressed the people, saying: "The people before you were ruined because if a noble person among them committed theft, they would leave him unpunished, but if a weak person among them committed theft, they would inflict the legal punishment on him. By Allah! Were Fātimah, the daughter of Muhammad, to commit theft, I would cut off her hand." Another wording reads: "She was a woman who used to borrow things from people and deny having taken them. So, the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that her hand should be cut off.”
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
A woman from Banu Makhzūm used to deceitfully borrow things from people and then deny taking anything. She once borrowed jewelry and denied having taken it. Yet, it was found in her possession. News of this reached the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) who resolved to inflict the prescribed punishment on her, by cutting off her hand. She was a noble woman from an honorable family in the Quraysh. Therefore, the Quraysh were concerned about her and the ruling to be executed against her. They consulted each other over who should be chosen as an intercessor before the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) on her behalf, seeking to relieve her from the punishment. They found no one more qualified than Usāmah ibn Zayd, for he was close and beloved to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). He talked to him. The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), became extremely angry with Usāmah and rebukingly said: “Would you intercede regarding one of the punishments prescribed by Allah?" Then, he stood up and addressed the people to clarify to them the gravity of such intercession that aims at suspending the punishments set by the Almighty Lord. This was also because the matter concerned many of them. The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) informed them that the past nations were ruined, in terms of their religious and worldly affairs, because they used to inflict the legal punishments upon the poor and the weak and pardon the rich and the powerful. Therefore, chaos, evil, and corruption spread and prevailed among them, and they incurred the wrath of Allah, the Almighty, and deserved His punishment. In a concluding statement, the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) swore that if his daughter Fātimah, the noblest among all women, committed such an act, he would definitely subject her to the legal punishment prescribed by Allah, the Almighty.
If someone intends to do a good deed but was prevented by a valid excuse, he shall gain the reward of his intention.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Variation of reward for good deeds is based on sincerity and following of the Prophet’s guidance. The more a person is sincere to Allah, and the keener he is on following the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), the more perfect his worship will be, and consequently his reward will be bigger.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
People differ with regards to their acts of worship according to their intentions. The intentions of some people have reached the ultimate level of sincerity (to Allah) and keenness in following the Sunnah (of the Messenger of Allah) with regard to doing good and righteous deeds, while the intentions of others are below that.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Anyone partaking a role with transgressors and wrongdoers will share their punishment because it is inclusive.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
If someone intends to do a good deed but was prevented by a valid excuse, he shall gain the reward of his intention.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Actions are recompensed according to the intentions behind them, and the individual shall receive the reward of what he intended even if the outcome was contrary to his intention.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
There is not a single good deed intended sincerely to please Allah except that its doer will be raised in rank and status thereby, so that he would reap the full reward.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Love and contentment is measured by good deeds and intentions because they are the criteria for Allah’s acceptance of the servant; perhaps a small deed reaps great reward because of the intention behind it and perhaps a big deed reaps little reward because of the intention behind it
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
One of the proofs Allah supports the servant is the latter’s sincere endeavor to rectify his intention and purify his heart by good deeds.
هدايات لشرح رياض الصالحين