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﴿ وَٱخۡتِلَٰفِ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ وَمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مِن رِّزۡقٖ فَأَحۡيَا بِهِ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِهَا وَتَصۡرِيفِ ٱلرِّيَٰحِ ءَايَٰتٞ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَعۡقِلُونَ ﴾

سورة الجاثية

5. And in the alternation of night and day, and the provision (rain) that Allâh sends down from the sky, and revives therewith the earth after its death, and in the turning about of the winds (i.e. sometimes towards the east or north, and sometimes towards the south or west sometimes bringing glad tidings of rain etc., and sometimes bringing the torment), are signs for a people who understand.

﴿ قُلۡ سِيرُواْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَٱنظُرُواْ كَيۡفَ بَدَأَ ٱلۡخَلۡقَۚ ثُمَّ ٱللَّهُ يُنشِئُ ٱلنَّشۡأَةَ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٞ ﴾

سورة العنكبوت

20. Say: "Travel in the land and see how (Allâh) originated the creation, and then Allâh will bring forth the creation of the Hereafter (i.e. resurrection after death). Verily, Allâh is Able to do all things."

﴿ قَالَ لَهُۥ مُوسَىٰ هَلۡ أَتَّبِعُكَ عَلَىٰٓ أَن تُعَلِّمَنِ مِمَّا عُلِّمۡتَ رُشۡدٗا ﴾

سورة الكهف

Moses said to him, “May I follow you so that you may teach me some knowledge that you have been taught?”

﴿ وَهُوَ ٱلۡقَاهِرُ فَوۡقَ عِبَادِهِۦۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ٱلۡخَبِيرُ ﴾

سورة الأنعام

And He is the subjugator over His servants. And He is the Wise,[296] the Aware.[297]

﴿ قُلۡ إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ رَبِّيَ ٱلۡفَوَٰحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنۡهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ وَٱلۡإِثۡمَ وَٱلۡبَغۡيَ بِغَيۡرِ ٱلۡحَقِّ وَأَن تُشۡرِكُواْ بِٱللَّهِ مَا لَمۡ يُنَزِّلۡ بِهِۦ سُلۡطَٰنٗا وَأَن تَقُولُواْ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعۡلَمُونَ ﴾

سورة الأعراف

Say, "My Lord has only forbidden immoralities - what is apparent of them and what is concealed - and sin,[367] and oppression without right, and that you associate with Allāh that for which He has not sent down authority, and that you say about Allāh that which you do not know."

﴿ لِيَحۡمِلُوٓاْ أَوۡزَارَهُمۡ كَامِلَةٗ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ وَمِنۡ أَوۡزَارِ ٱلَّذِينَ يُضِلُّونَهُم بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٍۗ أَلَا سَآءَ مَا يَزِرُونَ ﴾

سورة النحل

25. They may bear their own burdens in full on the Day of Resurrection, and also of the burdens of those whom they misled without knowledge. Evil indeed is that which they shall bear!

﴿ فَلۡيَنظُرِ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُ مِمَّ خُلِقَ ﴾

سورة الطارق

5. So let man see from what he is created!

﴿ فَبِأَيِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ ﴾

سورة الرحمن

34. Then which of the Blessings of your Lord will you both (jinn and men) deny?

﴿ فَلَمَّا نَسُواْ مَا ذُكِّرُواْ بِهِۦٓ أَنجَيۡنَا ٱلَّذِينَ يَنۡهَوۡنَ عَنِ ٱلسُّوٓءِ وَأَخَذۡنَا ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ بِعَذَابِۭ بَـِٔيسِۭ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَفۡسُقُونَ ﴾

سورة الأعراف

165. So when they forgot the remindings that had been given to them, We rescued those who forbade evil, but We seized those who did wrong with a severe torment because they used to rebel against Allâh’s Command (disobey Allâh).

﴿ لَّا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِٱللَّغۡوِ فِيٓ أَيۡمَٰنِكُمۡ وَلَٰكِن يُؤَاخِذُكُم بِمَا كَسَبَتۡ قُلُوبُكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٞ ﴾

سورة البقرة

Allah does not hold you accountable for unintentional oaths, but He holds you accountable for what your hearts have intended. And Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Forbearing.

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‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not swear by Tawāghi (idols) nor by your fathers."

Narrated by Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbids us from swearing by Tawāghi, the plural of Tāghiyah, and these are the idols that the polytheists used to worship apart from Allah and they were the cause of their wrongdoing and Kufr (disbelief). He (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) also forbids us from swearing by our fathers. It was a common practice among the Arabs in Jāhiliyyah to swear by their fathers out of pride and exaltation.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We were sitting around the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and with us were Abu Bakr and ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with both of them) and others. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) got up and left us. Because he was away for too long, we were worried that he was attacked. We were alerted, so we got up (to look for him). I was the first to be alerted, so I went out looking for the Messenger of Allah. I came upon an orchard that belonged to Banu al-Najjār from the Ansār. I went around it to find a gate but I could not. Then I noticed a streamlet flowing into the garden from a well outside the orchard. I dug the earth around the entrance and reached the Messenger of Allah. He said: "Is it you Abu Hurayrah?" I replied: "Yes, O Messenger of Allah." He said: "What is the matter with you?" I replied: "You were among us then you left and stayed away for too long, so we feared that you were attacked. We were alarmed and got up (to look for you). I was the first to get alarmed and move. When I came to this garden, I dug the earth like a fox, and people are there behind me." He said: "O Abu Hurayrah," and he gave me his sandals and added: "Take these sandals of mine, and anyone you meet outside this orchard testifying with full certainty that there is none worthy of worship but Allah, give him glad tidings that he will enter Paradise." Abu Hurayrah then reported the rest of the Hadīth.

Narrated by Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting with some of his companions including Abu Bakr and ‘Umar. He left them and stayed away for a long time. They feared that someone might have attacked or harmed him. In fact, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was pursued by both the hypocrites and enemies of Islam. So, the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) got up in alarm, and the first to get up was Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) who went to an orchard that belonged to Banu al-Najjār. Abu Hurayrah started moving around it in order to find an open door, but he did not find any. However, he found in the wall a small opening through which a stream of water passed. He shrank himself and made it through the hole. He found the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who said to him: “Is it you, Abu Hurayrah?” He said: 'Yes.' So, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gave him his sandals as a testimony to his truthfulness. He said to him: “Take these sandals of mine, and anyone you meet outside this garden testifying with full certainty that there is none worthy of worship but Allah, give him glad tidings that he will enter Paradise.” The person who says this testimony of faith with full conviction in his heart shall abide by the commands of Allah and avoid His prohibitions. This testimony faith essentially means that there is none truly worthy of worship except Allah. This great meaning entails that one worships Allah alone without associating partners with Him. However, the person who says the testimony by his tongue without conviction in the heart, the testimony will not benefit him.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that they (the Companions) asked the Messenger of Allah: "Will we see our Lord on the Day of Judgment?" He said: "Do you find any difficulty in seeing the sun at noon when there are no clouds?" They said: 'No.' He again said: "Do you find any difficulty in seeing the moon during the fourteenth night when there are no clouds?" They said: 'No.' Thereupon, he said: "By the One in Whose Hand my life is! You will not face any difficulty in seeing your Lord, only as much as you find difficulty in seeing one of them (the sun and moon). Then Allah will meet a slave (on the Day of Judgment) and say: 'O so-and-so, did I not honor you and give you authority and provide you with a spouse and subdue for you horses and camels and afford you an opportunity to rule over your subjects?' He will say: 'Yes.' Allah will say to him: 'Did you not think that you would meet Me?' And he will say: 'No.' Thereupon, He (Allah) will say: 'Well, We forget you as you had forgotten Me.' Then the second person will be brought to meet Allah, and He will say: 'O so-and-so, did I not honor you and give you authority and provide you with a spouse and subdue for you horses and camels and afford you an opportunity to rule over your subjects?' He will say: 'Yes, my Lord.' And He will say: 'Did you not think that you would be meeting Me?' And he will say: 'No.' And then He will say: 'Well, I forget you today as you had forgotten Me.' Then the third one will be brought, and He will say to him as He said before. And he (the third person) will say: 'O my Lord, I believed in You, Your Book, and Your Messenger, and I observed the prayer and fasted and gave charity.' He will speak in good terms like this as he will be able to do so. And He will say: 'Then stay in your place.' It will be said to him: 'Now We will send forth our witnesses to you.' The man will think 'who will bear witness against me?' Then his mouth will be sealed, and his thighs, flesh, and bones will be told to speak. So they will give account of his deeds. This will be done so that he should not be able to make any excuse for himself. That is the hypocrite, who will incur Allah's displeasure."

Narrated by Muslim

Some of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him): "Will we see our Lord on the Day of Judgment?" He said: "Do you find any difficulty in seeing the sun at noon when there are no clouds?" In other words: do you crowd with each other to the extent that you might harm one another in order to see the sun when it is high in the horizon and spreading its light all over the world, with no clouds screening it from you? They answered in the negative. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) again asked: "Do you have any difficulty in seeing the full moon when there are no clouds?" That is: do you crowd or struggle with one another in a way that might cause you harm in your attempt to see a full moon that is clearly seen in the sky without any cloud screening it? They said: 'No.' The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By Allah, in Whose Hand my life is, You will not face any difficulty in seeing your Lord, only as much as you find difficulty in seeing one of them (the sun and moon)." This means that they will see their Lord so clearly and evidently that it involves no argument or doubt; that none would disagree or belie the other, just as no one argues over seeing the sun or the moon. The similitude made here applies to the unquestionable clarity of sighting Allah, not to the manner in which it takes place or the nature of the One Whom is seen. Indeed, He, the Exalted, is far above being likened to creatures. Then the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informed about one of the events of the Day of Judgment. That is, one of Allah's servant will stand before Him, the Exalted, and He will remind him of the favors that He bestowed upon him, one after the other: like favoring him; making him a chief among his people; granting him a wife from his own kind and allowing him to enjoy her; fostering love, compassion, affection, and intimacy between the both of them; subjugating horses and camels to him; and making him the chief of his people, who is entitled to a quarter of the war booty, while in the pre-Islamic time, kings would take the whole booty to themselves. The servant will affirm all of these favors. The Lord will ask him: "Did not you know that you were going to meet Me?" The servant will say: "No," and Allah will say: "So I will forget you as you had forgotten Me." In other words, Allah will exclude him from His mercy just as he abandoned His obedience during his life. The word 'forget' here means to leave something knowingly and deliberately. This is explained by Allah's saying: {Indeed, We have [accordingly] forgotten you. And taste the punishment of eternity} [Sūrat al-Ahqāf: 14]. Once again, Allah will meet another servant, and a similar conversation will take place. Furthermore, Allah will meet a third servant, who will say to Him: "I affirmed my faith in You, Your Book, and in Your Messenger, and I observed the prayer and fasted and gave charity, and he will praise himself as much as he can. Thereupon, Allah, the Almighty, will say to Him: "Hence, (as you have praised yourself in such a way) remain in your place so that we bring our witnesses to your deeds." The servant will think of who that witness would be. Thereafter, Allah will make a seal on his mouth, and his thighs, flesh, and bones will be ordered to speak. They will tell all about his deeds, which will render his excuses unacceptable, due to his numerous sins and the testimony of his own limbs against himself. This third servant is the hypocrite, whom Allah is angry with.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Allah has ninety-nine names – one hundred minus one – and no one memorizes them but that they will enter Paradise. He is One, and He loves odd numbers.”

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Allah, the Almighty, has ninety-nine names, and no one memorizes them except that they will enter Paradise. To memorize them means to know them by heart. It is also said to mean believing in them, acting upon them, and showing obedience according to each name of them. This Hadīth establishes those names, yet it does not negate other, additional names. Rather, these names were specifically included because they are the most known and the clearest in meaning. This is similar to someone saying: “Zayd has one hundred dirhams which he has allocated for charity.” This does not mean that he has no other dirhams; rather, it denotes the amount of money that he has devoted to this purpose. This explanation is supported by a Hadīth which was reported by Ibn Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) and in which the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: “I ask You by every Name belonging to You which You have named Yourself with, revealed in Your Book, taught to any of Your creation, or preserved in the knowledge of the Unseen with You.” This Hadīth points out that Allah, the Almighty, has names that He did not reveal in His book and kept concealed from His creation. "He is One", meaning: Allah is One and has no partner. "And He loves odd numbers", meaning: He prefers odd numbers in many good deeds and acts of worship. For example, the obligatory prayers are five, the circumambulation of the Ka‘bah consists of seven rounds, the heavens are seven, the earths are seven, and many acts ought to be done three times.

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "All of the earth is a mosque (prayer place) except the graveyard and the bathroom."

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by At-Termedhy - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad - Ad-Daarimi

All of the earth is a place (suitable) for prayer, except for the place where the dead are buried, and this includes all the area inside the fence of a cemetery; and the place where one bathes with hot water for treatment. An-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy upon him) said: "Prayer in the dwelling places of the devil is disliked by unanimous agreement, such as bars, nightclubs, places where excise taxes are levied, and similar places where sins are openly committed, as well as churches, synagogues, restrooms, etc."

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) saw mucus in the prayer's direction. That was difficult for him to bear, and the feeling was even reflected in his face. Therefore, he stood up and scratched the mucus with his hand and said: "When one of you stands to pray, he is privately conversing with his Lord, or his Lord is between him and the prayer direction. So let no one of you spit in the direction of prayer, but only to his left or under his feet." Then he took a corner of his garment, spat into it, folded it up, and said: "Or he should do like this."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) saw mucus on the wall of the mosque toward the prayer direction. This was difficult for him to bear and he got noticeably upset. So he stood up and scraped the mucus off with his noble hand. In doing so, he was teaching his community to be humble toward Allah and to respect His house. The Prophet noted that when someone stands to pray, he communicates with Allah, mentions His name, and recites His revelation. So the appropriate thing to do is to be humble and to fully concentrate. Also, one has to remember the greatness of Allah and avoid inappropriate manners, including spitting in the direction of the prayer. If one needs to do so, he may spit in a handkerchief or so. In the prayer, one should feel that he is meeting Allah, the Most High, so one has to turn to Allah with complete devotion. Even though Allah is in the heavens above His throne, He is in front of the person praying, because He encompasses everything: {There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing} [Sūrat Ash-Shūra: 11]. This does not mean that Allah mixes with people or that He is in the place where one prays. Allah is close to those who pray to Him and those who supplicate to Him. His nearness befits His majesty; no human assimilation is at all contemplated. To make this point relevant, the sun is above us, but is also in front of us when it rises and when it sets.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Verily, Allah has ninety-nine names, one-hundred minus one. Whoever memorizes them all will enter Paradise."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

This Hadīth states that Allah, the Almighty, has ninety-nine names, and that whoever memorizes them all, believes in their meanings, and acts according to their implications, in matters other than those reserved exclusively for Allah, the Almighty, will enter Paradise. Making an oath by any of these names is permissible and binding. Consequently, one must offer expiation if he broke an oath sworn by one of the names of Allah, the Most Merciful and the Ever Merciful, or by one of His attributes such as His Face, Greatness, Grandeur, and Might.

Zayd ibn Khālid al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) led us in the Fajr prayer at Al-Hudaybiyah after rainfall during the night. At the conclusion of the prayer, he turned toward the people and said: "Do you know what your Lord has said?" They replied: "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said: "He has said: 'Some of My servants have entered the morning as believers in Me and some as disbelievers. He who says, 'We have had rainfall by the grace and mercy of Allah' believes in Me and disbelieves in the stars, and he who says, 'We have had rainfall by the rising of such and such star' disbelieves in Me and believes in the stars.'"

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) offered the Fajr prayer in Al-Hudaybiyah, a village close to Makkah, after rainfall at night. After he made taslīm and finished the prayer, he turned towards the people and asked them: Do you know what your Almighty Lord has said? They replied: Allah and His Messenger know best. He said: Allah Almighty clarified that people fall under two categories upon rainfall: believers in Allah Almighty and disbelievers in Him. Those who say, "We have had rainfall out of Allah's bounty and mercy," ascribing the rainfall to Allah, are believers in Allah, the Creator, and the Disposer of the affairs of the universe, and they disbelieve in the stars. And those who say, "We have had rainfall due to such and such star," are disbelievers in Allah and believers in the stars. But this is minor disbelief, as they attribute rainfall to a star, while Allah did not make it a cause of rainfall, neither in terms of the Shariah nor in terms of destiny. But as for those who ascribe rainfall and other earthly occurrences to the rise and decline of the stars, believing that they are the actual doer, they have fallen into major disbelief.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Some of the Prophet's Companions came to him and said: "We find within ourselves thoughts that one of us would find too grave to talk about." He said: "Have you experienced that?" They said: 'Yes'. He said: "That is the clear faith."

Narrated by Muslim

A group of the Prophet's Companions came and asked him about thoughts that came to their minds, and they found it too grave to utter them due to their ugliness and repulsiveness. Thereupon, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: This which you experienced is the clear faith and certitude that prompts you to stave off what Satan throws into your hearts and to refrain from uttering it because you consider it to be too serious. As such, Satan could not dominate your hearts, unlike others whose hearts have been overcome by Satan, and he faces no pushback and resistance from them.

Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A man came to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, one of us may have such thoughts - referring to it indirectly - that he would prefer to turn into charcoal rather than speak about them." Thereupon, he said: "Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest; praise be to Allah Who reduced his plotting to whispering."

Narrated by Abu Daoud & An-Nasa'i in Major Sunan