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﴿ إِلَىٰ فِرۡعَوۡنَ وَمَلَإِيْهِۦ فَٱسۡتَكۡبَرُواْ وَكَانُواْ قَوۡمًا عَالِينَ ﴾

سورة المؤمنون

to Pharaoh and his chiefs, but they showed arrogance and were haughty people.

﴿ مِن نُّطۡفَةٍ إِذَا تُمۡنَىٰ ﴾

سورة النجم

From a sperm-drop when it is emitted

﴿ سَيَذَّكَّرُ مَن يَخۡشَىٰ ﴾

سورة الأعلى

He who fears Allah will take heed,

﴿ لَوۡ كَانَ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ ءَالِهَةٗ مَّا وَرَدُوهَاۖ وَكُلّٞ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ ﴾

سورة الأنبياء

99. Had these (idols) been âlihah (gods), they would not have entered there (Hell), and all of them will abide therein.

﴿ وَيۡلٞ يَوۡمَئِذٖ لِّلۡمُكَذِّبِينَ ﴾

سورة المرسلات

47. Woe that Day to the deniers (of the Day of Resurrection)!

﴿ وَلَقَدۡ ضَلَّ قَبۡلَهُمۡ أَكۡثَرُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ ﴾

سورة الصافات

Indeed, most of the earlier people went astray before them,

﴿ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَكۡفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقۡتُلُونَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ بِغَيۡرِ حَقّٖ وَيَقۡتُلُونَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَأۡمُرُونَ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِ مِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ فَبَشِّرۡهُم بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ﴾

سورة آل عمران

Those who reject the verses of Allah and kill the prophets unjustly, and kill those who enjoin justice among people; so give them tidings of a painful punishment.

﴿ رَّبُّكُمُ ٱلَّذِي يُزۡجِي لَكُمُ ٱلۡفُلۡكَ فِي ٱلۡبَحۡرِ لِتَبۡتَغُواْ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦٓۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ بِكُمۡ رَحِيمٗا ﴾

سورة الإسراء

It is your Lord who drives the ship for you through the sea that you may seek of His bounty. Indeed, He is ever, to you, Merciful.

﴿ وَلِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِرَبِّهِمۡ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَۖ وَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡمَصِيرُ ﴾

سورة الملك

For those who disbelieve in their Lord there will be the punishment of Hell. What a terrible destination!

﴿ يَٰٓأَبَتِ إِنِّي قَدۡ جَآءَنِي مِنَ ٱلۡعِلۡمِ مَا لَمۡ يَأۡتِكَ فَٱتَّبِعۡنِيٓ أَهۡدِكَ صِرَٰطٗا سَوِيّٗا ﴾

سورة مريم

43. "O my father! Verily there has come to me of the knowledge that which came not unto you. So follow me, I will guide you to the Straight Path.

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Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) announced the death of the Negus on the day he had died. He took the people to the prayer place, lined them up, and made four Takbīrs.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Negus, king of Abyssinia, did the Muslim emigrants a generous favor. When Quraysh in Makkah oppressed Muslims, they sought refuge in Abyssinia before there was a Muslim community in Madīnah. There in Abyssinia, the Negus received them well and treated them with hospitality. His sincere intention and lack of arrogance led him to accept the truth and convert to Islam. He died in his country without seeing the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). Because of his favors to Muslims, his high esteem, and dying in a land where no Muslim prayers were said over him, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informed his Companions of his death and took them out to the prayer place to say prayers on him. By this, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) declared that the Negus had converted to Islam and also paid him tribute for his position and generosity. The Prophet's prayer with the Muslim congregation would be an intercession with Allah, the Almighty, in favor of the Negus.

Abu Rāfi‘(may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He who washes a dead person and conceals what he sees, Allah will grant him forgiveness forty times.''

Al-Bayhaqi - Al-Haakim - At-Tabaraani

This Hadīth clarifies the virtue of the one who washes a deceased person and conceals what he sees of defects. Such defects are of two types: the first are related to the deceased's state, and the second to his body. The first type, for example, is if he sees that the face of the deceased has turned dark and ugly, which might be a sign of a bad ending for that person, we ask Allah safety from this situation. In this case, it is not permissible for him to mention this to others because this is considered revealing the defects of the deceased who has already gone to meet his Lord, and Allah will give him what he deserves of justice or grace. The second type is, for example, seeing a physical defect in the deceased's back or other parts of his body that he used to hide from people in his life. So, the one who conceals such defects is granted the enormous reward of forty counts of forgiveness.

‘Uqbah ibn ‘Āmir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: One day, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) went out and supplicated for the martyrs of the battle of Uhud eight years after (their death), as if he was bidding farewell to the living and the dead. He then ascended the pulpit and said: "I shall be the precursor before you; I am a witness for you (before Allah), your promised place to meet me will be the Cistern of Al-Kawthar; and I am (now) looking at it from this place of mine. I am not afraid that you will worship others besides Allah, but I am afraid that the worldly life will tempt you and cause you to compete with each other for it." That was my last sight of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). According to another narration: “…but I am afraid that you will compete over the worldly life, whereupon you will kill each other for it and perish as past nations did.” ‘Uqbah (may Allah be pleased with him) added: “This was the last time I saw the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on the pulpit.” According to a third narration, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: “I will be there ahead of you, and I will be your witness. By Allah, I can see my Cistern now. I am given the keys to the treasures of the earth, or the keys to the earth. By Allah, I do not fear that you will associate others with Allah after I am gone, but I fear that you will compete with one another for them (the treasures of the earth).”

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Eight years after the battle of Uhud, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) went out to the place where the martyrs of that battle are buried and supplicated for them. He then went up the stairs of the pulpit and made a speech as if bidding farewell to people. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) told the people that: - He was seeing his Cistern and he would precede them to it. - He was a witness for them. - His Ummah would possess the treasures of the earth. - He did not fear that his Ummah would associate others with Allah in worship; rather, he feared something else, which the people are drawn to faster; that the worldly life would open up before them and that they then compete with each other for it and fight for it, so it destroys them as it destroyed the previous nations. ‘Uqbah ibn ‘Āmir (may Allah be pleased with him) concluded by saying that this was the last time that he saw the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on the pulpit.

‘Abdullāh ibn Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that while offering the funeral prayer for one of his daughters, he recited four Takbīrs, and after the fourth Takbīr, he continued standing for a time equal to an interval between two Takbīrs, praying for her and seeking Allah's forgiveness for her." Then, he said: "The Messenger of Allah used to do so." In another narration: He recited four Takbīrs and remained standing in prayer for some time till we thought that he would recite the fifth Takbīr. Then, he made Taslīm to the right and to the left. When he turned aside, we asked him about it. He replied: "I would add nothing to what I saw the Messenger of Allah doing." Or he said: "The Messenger of Allah used to do so."

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Al-Haakim

‘Abdullāh ibn Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him) relates that he offered the funeral prayer for his daughter, during which he made four Takbīrs, and after the fourth one he remained for a while, supplicating and seeking Allah's forgiveness for her. To clarify this in detail, he makes one Takbīr to enter the prayer, recites Sūrat al-Fātihah, makes a second Takbīr, invokes Allah's peace and blessings upon the Prophet, makes a third Takbīr, supplicates for the dead person, and then makes a fourth Takbīr. After making Taslīm, ‘Abdullāh ibn Abi Awfa said to those praying with him: "The Messenger of Allah used to do so." That is he would make four Takbīrs and supplicate for the deceased after the fourth one. In another narration: He made four Takbīrs, after which he supplicated for her for so long that those praying behind him thought he would make the fifth Takbīr. Then, he made Taslīm to the right and to the left, like in ordinary prayers. After finishing the prayer, the people asked him about why he stayed for a while after the fourth Takbīr, before making Taslīm, and he replied that he adhered to what the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) had done, not adding anything. As for the manner of Taslīm, it is subject to scholarly difference, but the more correct practice, which was more commonly done by the Companions, is to make Taslīm to the right only.

Abu Mūsa (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No one dies and they stand over him crying and saying, 'O what a great man he was! O how respectful he was,' except that two angels are appointed for him to poke him, saying: 'Were you like that?'"

Narrated by At-Termedhy

If a Muslim dies and someone wails and cries over him or her, stating that the deceased was like a mountain for him or her to lean upon at times of hardship, and that he or she was a refuge and so on, two angels come to the deceased person, prod him or her in the chest, and ask him or her mockingly: "Are you like that?"

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "Should I not tell you about me and the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him)?" We said: 'Yes.' She said that when it was my turn and the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was to spend the night with me, he turned, took off his mantle and his shoes and placed them near his feet. Then, he spread the end of his lower garment on his bed and lay down until he thought that I had gone to sleep. He took hold of his mantle slowly and put on his shoes slowly, and opened the door and went out and then closed it gently. I put on my head cover and my veil and tightened my lower garment, and then went out following his steps until he reached Al-Baqī‘. He stood there for a long time. He then lifted his hands three times, and then returned and I also returned. He hastened his steps and I also hastened my steps. He ran and I ran too. He came (to the house) and I also came (to the house). I, however, preceded him and I entered (the house), and as I lay down in bed, he entered and said: "Why is it, O ‘Ā'ish, that you are out of breath?" I said: 'Nothing.' He said: "Tell me or the Subtle and the Aware will inform me." I said: "O Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be sacrificed for you." Then I told him everything. He said: "So, you were the darkness that I saw in front of me?" I said: 'Yes.' He struck me on the chest and it was painful, and then said: "Did you think that Allah and His Messenger would be unfair to you?" I said: "Whatever people conceal, Allah knows it. Yes." He said: "Jibrīl came to me when you saw me. He called me and he concealed it from you. I responded to his call, but I too concealed it from you, as he would never enter upon you while you are undressed. I thought that you had gone to sleep, and I did not like to awaken you, fearing that you might be afraid of being left alone. Jibrīl said to me: 'Your Lord commands you to go to the inhabitants of Al-Baqī‘ and seek forgiveness for them."' I said: "O Messenger of Allah, what should I say to them?" He said: "Say: Peace be upon the inhabitants of this place among the believers and Muslims. May Allah have mercy upon those who have gone on ahead of us and those who come later on, and we will join you, if Allah wills."

Narrated by Muslim

The Mother of the Believers ‘Ā'ishah tells a story that happened with her and the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) when he was with her on her night. He went to bed, took off his garment and shoes, and placed them near his feet. He then lay down until he thought she had slept, then he gently took his garment so that he would not awaken her, and then gently put on his shoes; then he opened the door, went out, and gently shut the door. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) did all of this secretly so that he would not awake her or let her know that he left her. Perhaps she would become afraid of being alone in the darkness of the night. ‘Ā'ishah put on her garment and covered herself, and set out after him. When he came to Al-Baqī‘ – a graveyard in Madīnah – he stood for a long time, then raised his hands thrice in supplication. Then he turned around to go back to his home. ‘Ā'ishah then turned around quickly. He began to walk fast and she began to walk fast as well. He began to run and she began to run too. She arrived before him and entered her home and laid down. He entered and said: "Why are you out of breath, O ‘Ā'ish?" which means that her chest was rising and her breathing was labored, like one who has been walking fast and cannot catch his breath while speaking. She told him there was nothing. So he said to her: "You either tell me or Allah, the Subtle and the Aware, will tell me." She then told him what had happened, and he asked her: "Are you the person I saw in front of me?" When she answered in the affirmative, he pushed her on her chest and it hurt her. Then he said: "Do you think Allah and His Messenger would do you injustice?" meaning that I would go to one of my other wives on your night? She said: "Whatever people conceal, Allah knows it. Yes." It was like a self-affirmation that this was the case and Allah knows it. Then he informed her that Jibrīl came to him, and he did not enter his home because ‘Ā'ishah had already taken off her clothes and got ready to sleep. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) thought that she had slept and did not like to wake her up lest she would feel afraid of being alone in the darkness of the night. Jibrīl said to him: "Your Lord commands you to go to the inhabitants of Al-Baqī‘ graveyard and seek forgiveness for them." So he obeyed the command and came to the inhabitants of Al-Baqī‘ graveyard and sought forgiveness for them and supplicated for them. ‘Ā'ishah said: "What do I say to them, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "Say: Peace be upon the inhabitants of this place among the believers and Muslims. May Allah have mercy upon those who have gone on ahead of us and those who come later on, and we will join you, if Allah wills."

Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: One of the sons of Abu Talha was ailing. Abu Talha went out and the boy died in his absence. When he came back, he inquired: "How is the boy?" Umm Sulaym, the boy’s mother, replied: "He could not be more tranquil than he is now." She served him supper, and he ate it and then they had sexual intercourse. Afterwards, she said to him: "Arrange for the burial of the boy." In the morning, Abu Talha went to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him of what had happened. He asked: "Did you sleep together last night?" Abu Talha said: ‘Yes.’ So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) supplicated: "O Allah, bless them." Later, she gave birth to a baby boy. Abu Talha said to me: "Pick up the boy and take him to the Prophet." He sent some dates with him. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Is there anything with him?" He said: "Yes, some dates." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) took a date, chewed it, and put it in the mouth of the baby, rubbing the chewed date around the baby's gum. He named him ‘Abdullāh. In another version: Ibn ‘Uyaynah reported: “A man from the Ansār said: ‘I saw nine sons (of this boy), all of whom were reciters of the Qur’an.’” Another version reads: “Abu Talha’s son from Umm Sulaym died. She asked family members not to tell Abu Talha about his son, as she would inform him herself. Abu Talha came home and she gave him supper. He ate and drank. She then beautified herself in the best way she had ever done, and he slept with her. Noticing that he was gratified, she said: ‘O Abu Talha. If some people borrow something from another family and then the lenders ask for their item, would they refuse to give it back to them?’ He said: ‘No.’ She said: ‘Then, seek divine reward for the loss of your son.’ Abu Talha got angry and said: ‘You did not tell me this until I stained myself (with sexual intercourse), and now you tell me about my son!’ He went to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and told him about the matter, and he said: ‘May Allah bless the night you spent together!’ And she conceived a child. One day the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was on a journey and she was with him. Whenever he came back from a journey to Madīnah, he would not enter it at night. As they approached Madīnah, she felt labor pains. Abu Talha remained with her and the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) carried on. Abu Talha said: ‘O Lord, You know that I love to go out with the Messenger of Allah when he goes out and enter with him when he enters, and I have been detained as You see.’ Umm Sulaym said: ‘O Abu Talha, I do not feel as much pain as I was feeling earlier, so we had better move on.’ We carried on and she felt the birth pangs as they reached Madīnah and gave birth to a baby boy. My mother said to me: ‘O Anas, no one should suckle him until you take him to the Messenger of Allah in the early morning. Next morning, I carried the baby to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him… and he narrated the rest of the story.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Anas ibn Mālik reported that Abu Talhah, his stepfather, had a son who was sick. When Abu Talhah went out one day to attend to his business, his son passed away. When he returned home, he asked about his health and received the reply that he could not be more tranquil than he is now. She spoke the truth, for he was dead, although Abu Talhah thought that his son had recovered and that was why he was tranquil. She served supper, and he ate, feeling relieved due to his son's assumed recovery. They then had sexual intercourse. Afterwards, she said: “Bury the boy, for he is dead,” and Abu Talhah buried him in the morning. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) received the news of this and asked whether they had had intercourse. Jābir replied that they had. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) supplicated to Allah to bless them and Umm Sulaym gave birth to a baby boy. Abu Talhah asked Anas to take the baby to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) giving him a few dates to be chewed and rubbed by the Prophet in the boy's mouth. So the first thing to enter the baby’s stomach was the Prophet’s saliva, a source of blessing for him. When he brought the baby to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) the Prophet asked whether he had something with him. Anas told him that he had few dates. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) took the dates and chewed them so they would mix with his saliva and would be easy for the baby to swallow. So the first thing to enter the baby’s stomach was the Prophet’s saliva, which would make him blessed and happy. He took the chewed date out of his mouth and put it in the baby’s mouth and rubbed it. He named him ‘Abdullāh. This boy grew up and had nine children, all of whom became reciters of the Qur’an, due to the Prophet’s supplication. In the version reported by Muslim, Umm Sulaym instructed her family members not to tell Abu Talhah about his son's death so she could tell him first. After he returned home, she served him food until he was full. Then, she beautified herself and they had intercourse. She then gave him an example, likening their son to a loan that needs to be repaid to the lender. She said: “O Abu Talhah. If some people borrow something from another family and then the lenders ask for their item, would they refuse to give it back to them?’ He said: ‘No.’ She said: ‘Then, seek divine reward for the loss of your son.” Abu Talhah got angry and said: ‘You did not tell me this until I stained myself (with sexual intercourse), and now you tell me about my son!’ He went to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) to complain about his wife and what she had done. But the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) supplicated to Allah, the Almighty, to bless their night and the intercourse they had had during it to make it yield a good fruit. Umm Sulaym became pregnant. Later, she and her husband were with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on one of his journeys, and, as they were about to enter Madīnah, she felt labor pains. It was the custom of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) not to enter Madīnah until he had sent a messenger to inform the residents of the caravan’s arrival. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then carried on and entered Madīnah, but Abu Talhah, attending to his wife, could not go with him. Supplicating to Allah, the Almighty, Abu Talhah said: "O Lord, You know that I love to go out with the Messenger of Allah when he goes out and enter with him when he enters, and I have been detained as You see." Umm Sulaym said: "O Abu Talhah, I do not feel as much pain as I was feeling earlier, so we had better move on." We carried on and she felt the birth pangs as they reached Madīnah and gave birth to a baby boy. She instructed Anas to take the baby to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and let no one suckle him, so the Prophet’s saliva would be the first thing to enter his stomach, giving him blessing in this world and in the Hereafter. The fruit of this blessing was manifested in the fact that the boy grew up and had numerous children, all of whom were righteous and successful. Concluding this commentary, we should say that seeking blessing in something discharged from the Prophet's body is a merit exclusive only to him and shared by no one else. This is clearly proved by the fact that the Companions, who lived at the time of the revelation and were most acquainted with religious matters, never sought such blessing from the rightly-guided Caliphs or any other senior Companion.

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was among us, we used to give out Zakat al-Fitr on behalf of every young and old person, free or slave, as one Sā‘ of food, or one Sā‘ of Aqit (dried yogurt), or one Sā‘ of barley, or one Sā‘ of dates, or one Sā‘ of raisins. We continued giving it out until Mu‘āwiyah ibn Abi Sufyān (may Allah be pleased with him) came to us for Hajj or ‘Umrah. He addressed the people from the pulpit, and among the things he said to the people was: Verily, I see that two Mudds of the Syrian wheat are equivalent to one Sā‘ of dates. So, people started applying this. Abu Sa‘īd said: As for me, I will continue to give it as I used to give it for as long as I live.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Muslims used to give out Zakat al-Fitr on behalf of every young and old person as one Sā‘ of food during the time of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and during the time of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs. Their food was barley, (raisins): dry grapes, (Aqit): dried yogurt, and dates. One Sā‘ is equivalent to four Mudds, and one Mudd is equal to two handfuls of an average person. When Mu‘āwiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Madīnah as a caliph and the Syrian wheat became abundant, he delivered a speech and said: I see that two Mudds of the Syrian wheat (half a Sā‘) is equivalent to one Sā‘ of dates, so the people adopted this opinion. Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) said: As for me, I will continue to give it as I used to give it during the Prophet's lifetime for as long as I live.

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) enjoined Zakat al-Fitr as one Sā‘ of dates or one Sā‘ of barley on the slave and the free person, the male and the female, the young and the old from among the Muslims. He ordered that it be given before the people go out to the prayer.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) made Zakat al-Fitr obligatory after Ramadan. Its amount is one Sā’, which is equivalent to four Mudds in weight. One Mudd: two handfuls of an average person of dates or barley due on every Muslim, free or slave, male or female, young or old. This applies to one who has enough surplus beyond his needs for the day and night, for himself and for those whom he provides for. He commanded that it be given before the people go out to the Eid prayer.

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Zakah is not due on what is less than five ounces, nor on what is less than five camels, nor on what is less than five Wasqs."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim