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﴿ وَٱلۡبُدۡنَ جَعَلۡنَٰهَا لَكُم مِّن شَعَٰٓئِرِ ٱللَّهِ لَكُمۡ فِيهَا خَيۡرٞۖ فَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱسۡمَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡهَا صَوَآفَّۖ فَإِذَا وَجَبَتۡ جُنُوبُهَا فَكُلُواْ مِنۡهَا وَأَطۡعِمُواْ ٱلۡقَانِعَ وَٱلۡمُعۡتَرَّۚ كَذَٰلِكَ سَخَّرۡنَٰهَا لَكُمۡ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَشۡكُرُونَ ﴾

سورة الحج

And the camels and cattle We have appointed for you as among the symbols [i.e., rites] of Allāh; for you therein is good. So mention the name of Allāh upon them when lined up [for sacrifice]; and when they are [lifeless] on their sides, then eat from them and feed the needy [who does not seek aid] and the beggar. Thus have We subjected them to you that you may be grateful.

﴿ وَكَانَ فِي ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ تِسۡعَةُ رَهۡطٖ يُفۡسِدُونَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَا يُصۡلِحُونَ ﴾

سورة النمل

There were nine men in the city who used to spread corruption in the land without doing anything good.

﴿ قُلۡ إِنَّ صَلَاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحۡيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ﴾

سورة الأنعام

162. Say (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم): "Verily, my Salât (prayer), my sacrifice, my living, and my dying are for Allâh, the Lord of the ‘Âlamîn (mankind, jinn and all that exists).

﴿ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَطۡعَمَهُم مِّن جُوعٖ وَءَامَنَهُم مِّنۡ خَوۡفِۭ ﴾

سورة قريش

Who fed them against hunger and made them secure against fear[4].

﴿ فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُۥ لِلۡعُسۡرَىٰ ﴾

سورة الليل

10. We will make smooth for him the path for evil.

﴿ وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَا تَسۡمَعُواْ لِهَٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ وَٱلۡغَوۡاْ فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَغۡلِبُونَ ﴾

سورة فصلت

Those who disbelieve say, “Do not listen to this Qur’an, but make noise [when it is recited], so that you may prevail.”

﴿ لَّا يَذُوقُونَ فِيهَا بَرۡدٗا وَلَا شَرَابًا ﴾

سورة النبأ

They will neither taste therein any coolness nor any drink,

﴿ مَآ أَغۡنَىٰ عَنۡهُ مَالُهُۥ وَمَا كَسَبَ ﴾

سورة المسد

Neither his wealth nor his worldly gains will avail him.

﴿ فَٱنظُرۡ كَيۡفَ كَانَ عَٰقِبَةُ ٱلۡمُنذَرِينَ ﴾

سورة الصافات

Then see how was the end of those who were warned,

﴿ ٱلَّذِينَ جَعَلُواْ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ عِضِينَ ﴾

سورة الحجر

those who split the Qur’an into different portions[49].

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Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to put his hands down before his knees, and he said: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to do that.

Ibn Khuzaymah

The Hadīth indicates that the person offering the prayer should place his hands on the ground before his knees when going down into prostration (prostration). However, the Hadīth of Wā’il ibn Hujr (may Allah be pleased with him) contradicts this Hadīth, stating that the worshiper should place his knees on the ground before his hands when going down into prostration. It is a broad matter of Ijtihād (independent reasoning) which can accommodate multiple views. That is why some scholars of Fiqh give the worshiper the choice between the two actions, either due to the weakness of the Hadīths on both sides or due to their contradicting each other without any of them outweighing the others. Hence, this has led to accommodating the two views and giving the choice to the praying person to choose between the two positions.

Wā’il ibn Hujr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I prayed with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), and he used to make Taslīm (salutation of peace ending the prayer) to his right saying: "May Allah's peace, mercy, and blessings be upon you," and to his left saying: "May Allah's peace and mercy be upon you."

Narrated by Abu Daoud

When the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) wanted to end his prayer, he would make Taslīm to his right and left by turning his face to the right along with saying: (May Allah's peace, mercy, and blessings be upon you), and then make Taslīm to his left by turning his face to the left along with saying: (May Allah's peace and mercy be upon you).

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) recited: {Say, “O disbelievers”} and {Say: “He is Allah, the One”} in the two Rak‘ahs of Fajr.

Narrated by Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to prefer reciting {Say, “O disbelievers} [Surat al-Kāfirūn] in the first Rak‘ah of the Fajr confirmed voluntary prayer, after reciting Surat al-Fātihah, and {Say: “He is Allah, the One} [Surat al-Ikhlās] in the second Rak‘ah.

Abu Hāzim ibn Dinār reported: Some men came to Sahl ibn Sa'd as-Sā‘idi. They were wondering what kind of wood the Pulpit was made of. So, they asked him about it, and he said: "By Allah, I know what it is made of. I saw it the first day it was set up, and the first day the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sat on it. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sent to so-and-so - a woman from the Ansār whose name was mentioned by Sahl - telling her: 'Tell your carpenter slave to make for me some pieces of wood that I can sit on when I speak to the people.' So, she told him, and he made it from Tamarisk wood from Al-Ghābah (a place near Madīnah). Then, he brought it, and it was sent to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), who commanded that it be set up here. Then, I saw the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) pray on it and say the takbīr while he was on it, and then he bowed while he was on it, and then he came down backwards and prostrated at the base of the Pulpit; and then he went back. When he finished, he turned to the people and said: 'O people, I only did this so that you can follow my example and learn my prayer.'"

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Some men came to one of the Companions and asked him about the Prophet's Pulpit which the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used, as to what it was made of. They debated and disputed about that. So, he mentioned to them that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sent to a woman from the Ansār who had a carpenter slave, saying to her: Tell your slave to make a pulpit for me that I can sit on when I speak to the people. The woman complied and told her slave to make for the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) a pulpit from Tamarisk wood. When he finished the Pulpit, the woman sent it to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), who commanded that it be placed in its place in the Mosque. Then, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prayed on it, said takbīr while on it, and bowed while on it. Then, he came down backward without turning his face behind and prostrated himself next to the base of the Pulpit, and he then went back. When he finished the prayer, he turned to the people and said: O people, I only did this so that you can follow my example and learn my prayer.

Hittān ibn' Abdullāh ar-Raqāshi reported: I observed prayer with Abu Mūsa al-Ash'ari, and when he was in the tashahhud, someone among the people said: "The prayer has been made obligatory along with benevolence and Zakah." When Abu Mūsa finished the prayer and made taslīm, he turned to the people and said: "Who amongst you said such and such thing?" A hush fell on the people. He again said: "Who amongst you has said such and such thing?" A hush fell on the people. He said, "O Hittān, perhaps you have uttered it." Hittān said: "No, I have not uttered it. I feared you might be annoyed with me because of this." A person amongst the people said: "It was I who said it, and I intended nothing but good with it." Abu Mūsa said: "Do you not know what you have to say in your prayers? Verily, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) addressed us, explaining to us our Sunnah and teaching us our prayer, and said: 'When you pray, straighten your rows and let one of you lead in prayer, and when he says takbīr, say takbīr; when he recites {Not of those who incurred Your Wrath, or of those who went astray} [Surat al-Fātihah: 7], say 'amen'; and Allah will respond to you. And when he says takbīr, you also say takbīr, for the Imām bows and rises before you.' Then, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'This is equivalent to that. And when he says, 'Sami'a Allāhu liman hamidah' (Allah hears he who praises Him), you should say: 'Allahumma rabbanā laka al-hamd' (O Allah, our Lord, praise be to You), and Allah will hear you, for Allah Almighty said through the tongue of His Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him): Allah hears he who praises Him. And when he says takbīr and prostrates, you should also say takbīr and prostrate, for the Imām prostrates before you and rises before you.' Then, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'This is equivalent to that. And when he sits for tashahhud, the first words of everyone amongst you should be: 'Attaḥiyyāt at-ṭayyibāt aṣ-ṣalawātu lillāhi, assalāmu 'alayka 'ayyuh an-nabiyyu wa raḥmatullāhi wa barakātuh, assalāmu' alayna wa 'alā 'ibadillāhi aṣ-ṣāliḥīn. Ash'hadu an lā 'ilāha illā Allah wa ash'hadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasūluh.' (All greetings, good things, and prayers are due to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and Allah's mercy and blessings. Peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah. I testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger)."

Narrated by Muslim

The Companion Abu Mūsa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) offered a prayer. When he was sitting for tashahhud, one of those praying behind him said: The prayer is mentioned in the Qur'an along with benevolence and Zakah. When Abu Mūsa (may Allah be pleased with him) finished the prayer, he asked the worshipers: Who amongst you has made this statement: The prayer is mentioned in the Qur'an along with benevolence and Zakah?! The people kept silent, and none of them spoke. He repeated the question once again, and no one responded to him. Abu Mūsa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Perhaps you, Hittān, have said it! This is because he was brave and close to him, so his suspicion of him would not hurt him, and it would prompt the real doer to admit what he said. Hittān denied that and said: I was afraid you might indict me for thinking I said that. Thereupon, one among the people said: I said it and intended nothing but good by saying it. Abu Mūsa, by way of teaching him, said: Do you not know what you have to say in your prayers?! He meant to show disapproval. Then, Abu Mūsa informed that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) addressed them one day, explaining to them their Shariah and teaching them their prayer, and said: When you pray, straighten your rows, stand upright, and let one of the people lead them in prayer. When the Imām says the takbīr of ihrām, say takbīr like him, and when he recites Al-Fātihah and reaches {Not of those who incurred Your Wrath, or of those who went astray} [Surat al-Fātihah: 7], say 'amen'. If you do this, Allah will answer your supplication. When he says takbīr and bows, say takbīr and bow, for the Imām bows before you and rises before you; so, do not get ahead of him. This is because the moment in which the Imām bows before you is redressed by the moment you delay while bowing after he rises from Rukū '. This moment is equivalent to this one, and thus your Rukū 'is equal to his Rukū '. And when the Imām says, "Allah hears he who praises Him", say: "O Allah, our Lord, praise be to You." If the worshipers say that, Allah Almighty will hear their supplication and statement, for Allah Almighty said through the tongue of His Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him): Allah hears he who praises Him. Then, when the Imām says takbīr and prostrates, those praying behind him should say takbīr and prostrate, for the Imām prostrates before them and rises before them. This moment is equivalent to this moment. Thus, the prostration of the worshipers is equal to that of the Imām. And when he sits for tashahhud, the first words of the worshipers should be: "All greetings, good things, and prayers are due to Allah." The dominion, eternal existence, and greatness are all due to Allah Almighty; likewise, the five prayers are all for Allah. "Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and Allah's mercy and blessings. Peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah." Supplicate Allah for safety from every defect, deficiency, imperfection, and corruption. We give a particular greeting to our Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), and then we greet ourselves. Then we greet the pious servants of Allah who fulfill their duties, including the rights of Allah Almighty and the rights of His servants. Then, we testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he used to say takbīr in every obligatory and supererogatory prayer during Ramadan and others. He would say takbīr when he rose and say takbīr when he bowed. Then, he would say: "Sami'a allāhu liman hamidah" (Allah hears he who praises Him). Then, he would say, "Rabbanā wa laka al-hamd" (Our Lord, praise be to You) before prostrating. Then, he would say: "Allāhu akbar" (Allah is the Greatest) as he went down to prostration. Then, he would say takbīr upon raising his head from prostration, then say takbīr upon prostrating, and then say takbīr upon raising his head from prostration. Then, he would say takbīr upon rising from the sitting position both times. He would do so in every Rak'ah until he finished the prayer. Then, he would say as he left: "By the One in Whose Hand my soul is, I am the closest among you to the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). Such was his prayer until he departed this world."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) describes part of the Prophet's prayer. He informs that when he stood for prayer, he would say the takbīr of ihrām (opening takbīr). Then, he would say takbīr in the following cases: when he bowed for Rukū 'when he prostrated himself and raised his head from prostration. When he made the second prostration, he raised his head and rose from the first two Rak'ahs after sitting for the first tashahhud in the three-Rak'ah or four-Rak'ah prayer. Then, he would do this in the whole prayer until he finished it. He would say upon raising his back from Rukū ': Allah hears he who praises Him. And while standing upright, he would say: Our Lord, praise be to You. Then, Abu Hurayrah would say after he finished the prayer: By the One in Whose Hand my soul is, I am the closest among you to the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). Such was his prayer until he departed this world.

Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to say between the two prostrations: "Rabbi ighfir li, rabbi ighfir li" (My Lord, forgive me; my Lord, forgive me).

Narrated by Abu Daoud & An-Nasa'i & Ibn Majah & Ahmad

When the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sat between the two prostrations, he would say: My Lord, forgive me; my Lord, forgive me, repeatedly. "My Lord, forgive me" means: The servant asks his Lord to eliminate his sins and conceal his faults.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: 'When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) got up for prayer, he would say Takbīr when he stands. Then he would say Takbīr when he bows. Then he would say: "Allah hears the one who praised Him" when he raises his back from bowing. Then he would say while standing: "O Lord, to you belongs the praise!" Then he would say Takbīr when he goes down (to prostrate) and would say Takbīr when he raises his head. Then he would say Takbīr when he prostrates himself, then he would say Takbīr on raising his head. He would do that throughout the whole prayer until he completes it. He would also say Takbīr when he gets up at the end of the two Rak‘ahs Abu Hurayrah then said: ''My prayer has the closest resemblance to the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him).''

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Throughout prayer one glorifies Allah with words and actions. This noble Hadīth explains the emblem of prayer: Allah's grandeur and greatness. This was made its symbol only because prayer itself was prescribed for the exaltation and glorification of Allah. When starting the prayer, one says the Takbīr al-Ihrām while standing up. After one recites some Qur'an and bows, one says "Allah Akbar". Then when rising from bowing, one says ''Allah hears the one who praised Him!'' Then one stands up again, praises Allah and glorifies Him while standing. When going down for prostration, one says "Allah Akbar" and does so when rising one's head from prostration. The procedure is observed throughout the prayer, until one finishes. When standing up from the first Tashahhud, one says "Allah Akbar". In taking up a new posture in prayer, one says Takbīr except when rising from bowing.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) entered the mosque, and then a man came in and prayed. After that, he came and greeted the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who said to him: "Go back and pray, for you have not prayed." The man went back and prayed as he had prayed before. Thereafter, he came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and greeted him. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) again said: "Go back and pray, for you have not prayed." When he had done that three times, the man said: "By the One Who sent you with the truth! I cannot do better than that. So teach me." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'When you go to pray, say Takbīr, then recite whatever you can of the Qur’an; then bow until you are at ease in bowing; then rise until you are standing up straight; then prostrate until you are at ease in prostration; and then sit up until you are at ease in sitting. Do that throughout your prayer."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) entered the mosque, and one of the Companions, Khallād ibn Rāfi‘, entered after him. He offered prayer in a brief and improper manner. Having finished his prayer, the man came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and greeted him. Returning his greeting, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Go back and pray, for you have not prayed." The man went back and prayed in the same manner. Then he came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who again said to him: "Go back and pray, for you have not prayed." He did the same three times, after which the man swore by Allah, the Almighty, saying: "By the One Who sent you with the truth! I cannot do anything better than that, so teach me." Once this man yearned for knowledge and was prepared to receive it, and it became apparent that he did not act out of forgetfulness, given the repeated instruction given to him, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gave him the answer, saying: "When you stand up for prayer, say the Takbīr of Ihrām and recite whatever you can of the Qur’an after reciting Sūrat al-Fātihah. Then bow until you feel at ease in the posture of bowing, and lift your head from bowing until you stand up straight and become at ease in your standing. Then prostrate until you are at ease in the posture of prostration. Then lift your head from prostration and sit until you are at ease in sitting." You should repeat that throughout your prayer, except for the Takbīr of Ihrām, which is to be said in the first Rak‘ah only. The view that his statement "recite whatever you can of the Qur’an" means the recitation of Sūrat al-Fātihah at least is actually deduced from different versions of this Hadīth, as well as other pieces of evidence.

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) Abu Bakr and ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with both of them) used to start the prayer with {[All] praise is [due] to Allah, the Lord of the worlds.} [Sūrat al-Fātihah: 1] Another narration reads: "I prayed with Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, and ‘Uthmān and I did not hear any one of them recite "In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful." A narration of Muslim reads: "I prayed behind the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, and ‘Uthmān, and they used to start the prayer with {[All] praise is [due] to Allah, the Lord of the worlds} [Sūrat al-Fātihah: 1], without saying 'In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful', neither in the beginning nor at the end.”

Narrated by Muslim - Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim