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﴿ مَّا ٱلۡمَسِيحُ ٱبۡنُ مَرۡيَمَ إِلَّا رَسُولٞ قَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِن قَبۡلِهِ ٱلرُّسُلُ وَأُمُّهُۥ صِدِّيقَةٞۖ كَانَا يَأۡكُلَانِ ٱلطَّعَامَۗ ٱنظُرۡ كَيۡفَ نُبَيِّنُ لَهُمُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ ثُمَّ ٱنظُرۡ أَنَّىٰ يُؤۡفَكُونَ ﴾

سورة المائدة

The Messiah, son of Mary, was no more than a messenger. There were messengers who passed away before him, and His mother was a woman of truth; they both ate food[58]. See how We make Our signs clear to them, yet see how they are deluded!

﴿ وَأَمۡدَدۡنَٰهُم بِفَٰكِهَةٖ وَلَحۡمٖ مِّمَّا يَشۡتَهُونَ ﴾

سورة الطور

22. And We shall provide them with fruit and meat such as they desire.

﴿ وَأَوۡرَثَكُمۡ أَرۡضَهُمۡ وَدِيَٰرَهُمۡ وَأَمۡوَٰلَهُمۡ وَأَرۡضٗا لَّمۡ تَطَـُٔوهَاۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٗا ﴾

سورة الأحزاب

27. And He caused you to inherit their lands, and their houses, and their riches, and a land which you had not trodden (before). And Allâh is Able to do all things.

﴿ وَإِلَى ٱلۡجِبَالِ كَيۡفَ نُصِبَتۡ ﴾

سورة الغاشية

19. And at the mountains, how they are rooted (and fixed firm)?

﴿ وَإِذۡ قُلۡتُمۡ يَٰمُوسَىٰ لَن نَّصۡبِرَ عَلَىٰ طَعَامٖ وَٰحِدٖ فَٱدۡعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُخۡرِجۡ لَنَا مِمَّا تُنۢبِتُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ مِنۢ بَقۡلِهَا وَقِثَّآئِهَا وَفُومِهَا وَعَدَسِهَا وَبَصَلِهَاۖ قَالَ أَتَسۡتَبۡدِلُونَ ٱلَّذِي هُوَ أَدۡنَىٰ بِٱلَّذِي هُوَ خَيۡرٌۚ ٱهۡبِطُواْ مِصۡرٗا فَإِنَّ لَكُم مَّا سَأَلۡتُمۡۗ وَضُرِبَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلذِّلَّةُ وَٱلۡمَسۡكَنَةُ وَبَآءُو بِغَضَبٖ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ يَكۡفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقۡتُلُونَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ بِغَيۡرِ ٱلۡحَقِّۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَواْ وَّكَانُواْ يَعۡتَدُونَ ﴾

سورة البقرة

61. And (remember) when you said, "O Mûsâ (Moses)! We cannot endure one kind of food. So invoke your Lord for us to bring forth for us of what the earth grows, its herbs, its cucumbers, its Fûm (wheat or garlic), its lentils and its onions." He said, "Would you exchange that which is better for that which is lower? Go you down to any town and you shall find what you want!" And they were covered with humiliation and misery, and they drew on themselves the Wrath of Allâh. That was because they used to disbelieve the Ayât (proofs, evidence, verses, lessons, signs, revelations etc.) of Allâh and killed the Prophets wrongfully. That was because they disobeyed and used to transgress the bounds (in their disobedience to Allâh, i.e. commit crimes and sins).

﴿ مَن كَانَ عَدُوّٗا لِّلَّهِ وَمَلَٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ وَرُسُلِهِۦ وَجِبۡرِيلَ وَمِيكَىٰلَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَدُوّٞ لِّلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ﴾

سورة البقرة

Whoever is an enemy to Allah and His angels and messengers, and to Gabriel and Michael – then Allah is indeed an enemy to the disbelievers.

﴿ وَلَا تَحۡزَنۡ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا تَكُن فِي ضَيۡقٖ مِّمَّا يَمۡكُرُونَ ﴾

سورة النمل

Do not grieve over them, nor be distressed by their plots.

﴿ وَٱتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِهِۦٓ ءَالِهَةٗ لَّا يَخۡلُقُونَ شَيۡـٔٗا وَهُمۡ يُخۡلَقُونَ وَلَا يَمۡلِكُونَ لِأَنفُسِهِمۡ ضَرّٗا وَلَا نَفۡعٗا وَلَا يَمۡلِكُونَ مَوۡتٗا وَلَا حَيَوٰةٗ وَلَا نُشُورٗا ﴾

سورة الفرقان

They have taken besides Him other gods who can create nothing but are themselves created. Nor do they have the power to harm or benefit themselves, nor do they have the power to cause death, give life or resurrect the dead.

﴿ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُواْ رَبُّنَا ٱللَّهُ ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَقَٰمُواْ فَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ ﴾

سورة الأحقاف

Indeed, those who have said, "Our Lord is Allāh," and then remained on a right course - there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve.

﴿ وَلَوۡ أَلۡقَىٰ مَعَاذِيرَهُۥ ﴾

سورة القيامة

15. Though he may put forth his excuses (to cover his evil deeds).

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‘Uqbah ibn al-Hārith (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he had married Umm Yahya bint Abi Ihāb. Then a black slave-woman came and said: "I suckled you both." I mentioned that to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who turned his face aside. So I went to the other side and told him about it (again). He said: "How can you (keep your wife) when she (the slave-woman) has claimed that she suckled both of you?!"

Narrated by Bukhari

‘‘Uqbah ibn al-Hārith married Umm Yahya bint Abi Ihāb, then a black slave-woman came and told him that she had nursed him and his wife, and that they are thus siblings through nursing. He reported her statement to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said that she was lying. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) rebuked him for his wish to keep his wife despite the testimony of that slave-woman, saying to him: How can you do that after the woman has given her statement and testified what she knew?

‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that Sālim, the freed slave of Abu Hudhayfah, was with Abu Hudhayfah and his family in their home. Bint Suhayl came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "Sālim has attained puberty, and he now perceives what they perceive, yet he enters our house freely, and I believe that something (troubles) the heart of Abu Hudhayfah." Thereupon the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to her: "Suckle him, and you will become unlawful for him (in marriage), and (the discomfort) which Abu Hudhayfah feels in his heart will disappear." She returned and said: "So I suckled him, and what (was there) in the heart of Abu Hudhayfah disappeared."

Narrated by Muslim

Sahlah bint Suhayl, the wife of Abu Hudhayfah, sought a legal opinion concerning Sālim, one of the meritorious Companions. Her husband Abu Hudhayfah had adopted Sālim when adoption was still permissible and was not yet abrogated. Sālim grew up under the care of Abu Hudhayfah and his wife like a son to both of them. However, when Allah, the Almighty, revealed: {Call them by [the names of] their fathers}, adoption became forbidden. As long as he was still young, Sālim was entering and exiting the house in which Sahlah lived. He accessed the house freely until he grew up into an adult man, and he would still see Sahlah. Abu Hudhayfah did not like that, but it was difficult for the spouses to deny Sālim access given their amicable relationship with him. Hence, they asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) about that, to which he said to Sahlah: "Suckle him so that you will be forbidden to him." Thus Abu Hudhayfah's aversion would wear out. Sahlah suckled him, and the matter was settled. It should be noted, however, that this ruling is specific to that case, for anyone who was suckled by a woman after he had been weaned, the sucking woman would not become his foster mother, as the Permanent Committee stated.

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr reported that a woman said: "O Messenger of Allah, for this son of mine, my womb was a vessel, my breast was a watering pot, and my lap was a holder, yet his father has divorced me and wants to take him away from me." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'You are more entitled to him (the child's custody) as long as you do not get married.''

Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad

In this Hadīth, a woman complained to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) that her had husband divorced her and wanted to take her son from her. The woman justified her right to keep her son with her with the facts that her womb was a vessel for him when he was a fetus, her breasts nourished him when he was a baby, and her lap was a protective place for him. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) approved the woman's description and told her that she was more entitled to the child's custody as long as she did not marry. If she got married, the father would be more entitled to the custody of the child. The reason for this is that when a woman gets married while keeping her son with her, her son would be under the guardianship of a new husband, who might keep reminding the child of his favors upon him, or the child might feel more attached to him than to his father, etc. It could also lead to other bad consequences.

Abu Maymūnah Salma, who was a truthful man and a freed slave from among the people of Madīnah, reported: While I was sitting with Abu Hurayrah, a Persian woman came to him along with a son of hers. She had been divorced by her husband, and they both (the father and mother) claimed him. She said: "O Abu Hurayrah," speaking to him in Persian, "my husband wants to take my son away." So Abu Hurayrah said: "Draw lots on this," saying it to her in Persian. Then her husband came and said: "Who is disputing with me regarding my son?" Abu Hurayrah said: "O Allah, I do not say this, except that I heard a woman who came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) while I was sitting with him, and she said: ‘My husband wants to take away my son, Messenger of Allah, and my son draws water for me from the well of Abu ‘Inabah, and he has been helpful to me.’ The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Cast lots for him.’ Her husband said: ‘Who is disputing my son with me?’ The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘This is your father, and this your mother, so take whichever of them you wish by the hand.’ So he took his mother's hand, and she went away with him.'"

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by At-Termedhy - An-Nasaa’i - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad

This Hadīth indicates the obligation of realizing the child's interest. A woman was separated from her husband and kept the child with her. It was as if something occurred that prevented the woman from keeping the child in her custody, despite of her need for him and of his need for her care and protection, something that the father could not provide. In response to this case, Abu Hurayrah narrated what he had heard from the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). Custody is a kind of guardianship that is meant to raise the child and fulfill his interests. Before the age of discernment, the child remains with his mother unless she gets married. If the child attains the age of discernment and is capable of managing some of his affairs independently and does not need external help in many things, then the mother and the father have equal rights to the child's custody. The child is then given the choice of joining either of them.

Rāfi‘ ibn Sinān (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I embraced Islam, but my wife refused to do so. She went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "My daughter is weaned or about to be weaned." Rāfi‘ said: "My daughter." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to the man: "Sit down on this side." And he said to the woman: "Sit down on that side." He then seated the girl between them, and said to them: "Call her." The girl went to her mother and the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘'O Allah, guide her," and the daughter then went to her father, who took her.

An-Nasaa’i - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad

This Hadīth talks about a mother and father who were disputing about the custody of their daughter in the presence of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). The father was a Muslim, but the mother was not. They were arguing about their daughter, so the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) got the girl to choose between them. She initially chose her mother. However, as the mother was a disbeliever, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prayed that Allah would guide the girl to make the right choice. Allah, the Almighty, answered the Prophet's invocation, and the girl then chose her father. The benefit of the story is that it is not in accordance with divine guidance for a child to be under the care of a disbelieving parent. Having custody means raising a child and protecting him from damage, and the best upbringing is to keep the child's religion intact and the best means of protection is to keep lack of belief away from him. If a child was raised by a disbelieving parent, he would be tempted by them to give up Islam and they would make him leave by teaching him the principles of disbelief and raising him on them. This is the worst harm that can be done to a child, as having custody is meant to protect a child; it is not allowed to be carried out in a manner that involves the destruction of a child or their religion.

Tāriq al-Muhāribi (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We came to Madīnah when the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was standing on the pulpit addressing people and saying: "The hand which gives is the higher hand. Start with those for whom you are responsible: your mother, your father, your sister, your brother, and then the closest in kin and the closest in kin."

An-Nasaa’i

This Hadīth indicates that one's hand should be higher; meaning that he should spend munificently as much as he can afford and refrain from asking others to give him money. Spending makes one's hand higher. Also, one should spend first on his relatives and help them with his money to the best of his abilities. In this respect, one should start with the most important, such as one's mother, who is to be given priority over one's father, and one's sister is to be given priority over one's brother. The closest in kin are to be considered as well, if they do not have enough resources.

Khaythamah reported: A household manager of ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr came in while we were sitting with him. Ibn ‘Amr said: "Did you give the slaves their sustenance?" He said: 'No.' Upon this ‘Abdullāh said: "Go and give them, for the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'One will be committing a great sin if he withholds sustenance from those whom he should provide for.'"

Narrated by Muslim

In this Hadīth, ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) demonstrates the great responsibility one bears towards those whom he is responsible to provide for. When he knew that his household manager did not provide the slaves with their sustenance, he mentioned the Hadīth of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in which he stated that neglecting and forsaking one’s dependents because of his niggardliness and stinginess is a serious sin.

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported directly that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the use of saffron by men.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade men to dye their bodies or clothes with saffron, because saffron was a perfume of the women, So, men were forbidden to use it; to prevent resemblance between both genders.

Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported regarding the story of Barīrah and her husband: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to her: "If you would take him back?" She said: "O Messenger of Allah, are you ordering me to do so?" He replied: "I am just interceding." So she said: "I have no need for him."

Narrated by Bukhari

Barīrah's husband was a slave named Mugīth, and Barīrah used to serve ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) before she purchased her, then after ‘Ā’ishah freed her from slavery, she was given the choice whether to stay married to Mugīth or to separate from him (because she had become a free woman while he was still a slave). Barīrah chose to leave him. After this separation, Mugīth used to chase her through the roads of Madīnah crying with his tears flowing down his beard, perchance she would reconsider and go back to him. This was because of his extreme love for her. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to Barīrah: "If you would go back to him, you will receive reward (from Allah) for it." She said: "O Messenger of Allah, are you ordering me to go back to him?" He said: "I am only interceding on his behalf." So she said: "I have no desire or need to go back to him."

Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: ‘Umar once asked permission to see the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) while he was hosting some women from Quraysh who were talking loudly to him and asking more from him. When ‘Umar asked permission to enter, the women hurried to screen themselves. Allah's Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) allowed ‘Umar in while he was smiling. Therefore, ‘Umar commented: "O Allah's Messenger, may Allah always make you happy!" The Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I am astonished at these women who were with me. As soon as they heard your voice, they hastened to screen themselves." ‘Umar said: "O Messenger of Allah, you are worthier of their awe!" Then he addressed them (those women) saying: "O enemies of yourselves, do you fear me and not the Messenger of Allah?" They replied: "Yes, for you are tougher and harsher than the Messenger." On that, the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By the One in Whose hand my soul is, whenever the devil sees you walking on a path, he follows a path other than yours."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim