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﴿ وَيَوۡمَ نَحۡشُرُهُمۡ جَمِيعٗا ثُمَّ نَقُولُ لِلَّذِينَ أَشۡرَكُواْ مَكَانَكُمۡ أَنتُمۡ وَشُرَكَآؤُكُمۡۚ فَزَيَّلۡنَا بَيۡنَهُمۡۖ وَقَالَ شُرَكَآؤُهُم مَّا كُنتُمۡ إِيَّانَا تَعۡبُدُونَ ﴾
سورة يونس
And [mention, O Muḥammad], the Day We will gather them all together - then We will say to those who associated others with Allāh, "[Remain in] your place, you and your 'partners.'"[522] Then We will separate them,[523] and their "partners" will say, "You did not used to worship us,[524]
﴿ ۞ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ ٱشۡتَرَىٰ مِنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ أَنفُسَهُمۡ وَأَمۡوَٰلَهُم بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ ٱلۡجَنَّةَۚ يُقَٰتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ فَيَقۡتُلُونَ وَيُقۡتَلُونَۖ وَعۡدًا عَلَيۡهِ حَقّٗا فِي ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةِ وَٱلۡإِنجِيلِ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِۚ وَمَنۡ أَوۡفَىٰ بِعَهۡدِهِۦ مِنَ ٱللَّهِۚ فَٱسۡتَبۡشِرُواْ بِبَيۡعِكُمُ ٱلَّذِي بَايَعۡتُم بِهِۦۚ وَذَٰلِكَ هُوَ ٱلۡفَوۡزُ ٱلۡعَظِيمُ ﴾
سورة التوبة
Allah has purchased from the believers their lives and their wealth, and in return they will have Paradise[82]; they fight in the cause of Allah and they kill or are killed. This is a true promise, given by Him in the Torah, the Gospel and the Qur’an. Who is more faithful to his promise than Allah? Rejoice then in the transaction you have made with Him; that is the supreme triumph.
﴿ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُولِجُ ٱلَّيۡلَ فِي ٱلنَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ ٱلنَّهَارَ فِي ٱلَّيۡلِ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعُۢ بَصِيرٞ ﴾
سورة الحج
That[938] is because Allāh causes the night to enter the day and causes the day to enter the night and because Allāh is Hearing and Seeing.
﴿ ۞ وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحۡيًا أَوۡ مِن وَرَآيِٕ حِجَابٍ أَوۡ يُرۡسِلَ رَسُولٗا فَيُوحِيَ بِإِذۡنِهِۦ مَا يَشَآءُۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِيٌّ حَكِيمٞ ﴾
سورة الشورى
It is not for a human being that Allah should speak to him except through revelation or from behind a veil, or by sending an angel-messenger to reveal what He wills by His permission. Indeed, He is Most High, All-Wise.
﴿ فَلَا تَعۡلَمُ نَفۡسٞ مَّآ أُخۡفِيَ لَهُم مِّن قُرَّةِ أَعۡيُنٖ جَزَآءَۢ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَعۡمَلُونَ ﴾
سورة السجدة
And no soul knows what has been hidden for them of comfort for eyes [i.e., satisfaction] as reward for what they used to do.
﴿ فَأَمَّا مَنۡ أُوتِيَ كِتَٰبَهُۥ بِيَمِينِهِۦ فَيَقُولُ هَآؤُمُ ٱقۡرَءُواْ كِتَٰبِيَهۡ ﴾
سورة الحاقة
19. Then as for him who will be given his Record in his right hand will say: "Here! read my Record!
﴿ يَعۡلَمُ مَا بَيۡنَ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَمَا خَلۡفَهُمۡۚ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ ﴾
سورة الحج
76. He knows what is before them, and what is behind them. And to Allâh return all matters (for decision).
﴿ ۞ فَمَا لَكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقِينَ فِئَتَيۡنِ وَٱللَّهُ أَرۡكَسَهُم بِمَا كَسَبُوٓاْۚ أَتُرِيدُونَ أَن تَهۡدُواْ مَنۡ أَضَلَّ ٱللَّهُۖ وَمَن يُضۡلِلِ ٱللَّهُ فَلَن تَجِدَ لَهُۥ سَبِيلٗا ﴾
سورة النساء
What is [the matter] with you [that you are] two groups concerning the hypocrites,[206] while Allāh has made them fall back [into error and disbelief] for what they earned.[207] Do you wish to guide those whom Allāh has sent astray? And he whom Allāh sends astray - never will you find for him a way [of guidance].[208]
﴿ وَيَوۡمَ يُنفَخُ فِي ٱلصُّورِ فَفَزِعَ مَن فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَن فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ إِلَّا مَن شَآءَ ٱللَّهُۚ وَكُلٌّ أَتَوۡهُ دَٰخِرِينَ ﴾
سورة النمل
And [warn of] the Day the Horn will be blown, and whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth will be terrified except whom Allāh wills. And all will come to Him humbled.
﴿ كَذَّبَتۡ ثَمُودُ ٱلۡمُرۡسَلِينَ ﴾
سورة الشعراء
141. Thamûd (people) belied the Messengers.
‘Abdullāh ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The blood of a Muslim is inviolable except by one of three: adultery by a married person, a life for a life (homicide), and abandoning Islam and separating from the Islamic body.''
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
The blood of the Muslim is inviolable except by one of the three things mentioned in this Hadīth. First, a married person who already had sexual relation with his legitimate wife, yet committed fornication. Second, a Muslim who intentionally kills another Muslim for no legitimate reason. Third, apostasy (a Muslim who abandons Islam and separates from the Islamic body). It is not permissible to shed the blood of a Muslim, except in these three cases and cases that fall under these categories although not mentioned explicitly in this Hadīth. These include homosexuality and incest, both of which fall under the first category; magic, which falls under the third category, and so on.
Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah does not look at a man who approaches a man or a woman anally."
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarified the severe consequences for the man who approaches a man or a woman anally, as Allah will not look with mercy upon him, and he pointed out that it is one of the major sins.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A Muslim man went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) while he was in the mosque and called him, saying: "O Messenger of Allah, I have committed adultery." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) turned his face away from him. So, the man came round (from the other side) towards his face and said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have committed adultery." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) again turned his face away from him, until the man did this four times. When he testified four times that he had done so, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) called him, saying: "Do you suffer any form of insanity?" The man replied: 'No.' The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then asked him: "Are you married?" The man answered: 'Yes.' The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said (to his Companions): "Take him away and stone him (to death)." Ibn Shihāb said: "Abu Salamah ibn ‘Abdur-Rahmān informed me that he heard Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh say: ‘I was one of those who stoned him. We stoned him at the place of prayer. When the stones hurt him, he ran away. We caught him in Al-Harrah and stoned him (to death).'"
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
Mā‘iz ibn Mālik al-Aslami (may Allah be pleased with him) went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) while he was in the mosque and confessed to having committed adultery. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from him, hoping that he would retract his statement and repent to Allah in secret. Yet, Mā‘iz was angry with himself, and he was determined to purify his soul through the prescribed punishment. Hence, he went to face the Prophet from the other side and again confessed to having committed adultery. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) once more turned his face to the other side, and he kept doing so until Mā‘iz confessed to having committed adultery four times. Afterwards, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked him if he was suffering from any form of insanity, and he answered in the negative. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then asked his family about the state of his mind, and they said that he was fine. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then asked him if he was (currently or previously) married or a virgin, as the punishment of the virgin does not amount to stoning. He told him that he was married. Furthermore, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked him if he had committed complete adultery, and not merely touching or kissing, but the man admitted to having committed complete adultery. After the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) had made sure of the veracity of all of those conditions which require the implementation of the legal prescribed punishment, he ordered his Companions to take the man and stone him to death. They took him to Baqī‘ al-Gharqad [a place where the funeral prayer is performed in Madīnah] and stoned him. When he experienced the severity of stoning, he asked to be released and tried to escape death. He ran away as the human soul is unable to bear this. The Companions caught up to him in a place called "Al-Harrah" and continued stoning him until he died (may Allah have mercy upon him and be pleased with him).
Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A man who had drunk alcohol was brought to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), who hit him with a palm stalk with about forty lashes.
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
A man had drunk alcohol during the time of Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), who hit him with a palm stalk with about forty lashes as a legal punishment for drinking alcohol. In his reign, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) applied the same number of lashes to a drunkard. When ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) became a Caliph and the Muslims conquered several countries and mingled with others, drinking alcohol became widespread. So, ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), as usual, consulted the scholars of the Companions on what punishment to apply on the drunkards to deter them from committing that sin. It was ‘Umar's habit to seek counsel on matters of importance that required personal legal reasoning. As the number of drunkards increased during the reign of ‘Umar, ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn ‘Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) advised ‘Umar to increase the punishment of drunkards to eighty lashes so that it would become similar to the next lightest prescribed punishment, which is applicable to slanderers. So, ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) increased the punishment of drunkards to eighty lashes, forty as a prescribed legal punishment, and forty as an additional discretionary punishment left to the discretion of the ruler (or judge), when necessary.
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) cut off (a thief's hand) for a shield that was worth three dirhams.
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
Allah, the Exalted, protected people’s lives, honor, and money through penalties that deter the aggressors. Hence, the penalty of the thief (who steals money or property from a place where it had been put away) is the amputation of the organ used to take the stolen property. This penalty atones the sin of the thief and deters others who might think of following such despicable ways to earn a living. Alternatively, such people would change their minds and try to make money in legitimate and modest ways. Ultimately, there would be more fruitful work, the world will be cultivated, and souls will be dignified. In order to protect people’s properties and lives, maintain security, and encourage people to invest their money and make profits, Allah, the Exalted, out of His Wisdom, set a certain limit for the value of the stolen money or property, which is a quarter of a gold dinar. This is equal to one gram and one sixteenth of a gram, because the dinar weighs 4.25 grams.
‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about mead, and he said: "Every drink that intoxicates is unlawful."
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about mead, an alcoholic drink made of honey, and his answer was complete and comprehensive, to the effect that the difference of names does not matter as long as the meaning and essence is the same. Every drink that causes intoxication is forbidden wine, regardless of its kind or name. This Hadīth constitutes one of the concise and profound statements made by the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) as he demonstrated the rulings laid down by his Lord. The period of his prophet-hood contained such knowledge that would render all humanity blissful in the worldly life and in the Hereafter.
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that ‘Umar, while standing on the Prophet's pulpit, said: "O people, the prohibition of wine was revealed, which is made of five things: grapes, dates, honey, wheat, and barley. Wine is anything that clouds the mind (i.e. intoxicates). There are three things that I wish the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) had left us something decisive to which we would refer: the grandfather (his share of inheritance), the Kalālah (one who leaves neither ascendants nor descendants), and some questions related to usury."
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him), standing on the Prophet's pulpit in his mosque, delivered a sermon in which he stated that wine is everything that intoxicates, not just wine that is made of grapes, rather, all intoxicating beverages made of dates, honey or wheat; are all considered wine. ‘Umar also mentioned in his sermon three problematic issues which he wished the Prophet had left a decisive ruling regarding them before his death. They are: the grandfather's share of inheritance, division of the estate of one who leaves neither ascendants nor descendants, and some questions related to usury. Praise be to Allah, the rulings on these three issues are known. This Hadīth does not mean that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) did not mention these issues at all, for he had indeed delivered the message and fulfilled the trust and conveyed from Allah matters that are less known and less significant than these three. However, ‘Umar only wished that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) had left an explicit statement regarding them that would not be subject to Ijtihād (independent reasoning).
‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: ''The hand of a thief is to be cut off for a quarter of a dinar or more."
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
Allah declared people's properties to be as inviolable as their lives and honor. In this respect, a punishment was introduced to repel transgressors: to cut off the hand of the thief who steals something that is kept in a safe place. This punishment is intended to be an expiation for the crime of theft, to repel others from doing the same thing, and to encourage legitimate earning. With this, employment rather theft shall thrive, and the fruits of this work shall be harvested: constructive contributions to the world; and maintaining one's sense of honor. The divine wisdom states that a thief's hand is to be cut for stealing one quarter of a gold dinar or its equivalent so as to protect the wealth of others, enhance security, and promote good gain and investment.
Abu Burdah Hāni’ ibn Niyār (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: "No more than ten lashes are to be given except regarding one of the limits set by Allah."
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
The limits set by Allah, the Almighty, refer to His commands and prohibitions, violation of which entails deterrent punishments, whether prescribed, like these of adultery and defamation, or discretionary, like these inflicted for breaking one's fast during the daytime in Ramadan and refusing to pay Zakah, as well as for other prohibitions or abandonment of obligations. Apart from this, there are disciplinary procedures for women and boys to be implemented, not for the commission of sins, but for the purpose of rectification and discipline. Such measures may not go beyond ten lashes, unless the wrongdoer abandons a religious obligation or engages in a prohibited thing.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man who drank wine was brought to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), who said: "Beat him." Abu Hurayrah added: "So some of us beat him with our hands, some with their sandals, and some with their garments (by twisting it like a lash). Then, when the man left, someone said: "May Allah disgrace you!" Upon that, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not say this! Do not help the devil to overpower him."
Narrated by Bukhari
The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) brought to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) a man who was drinking alcohol. The Prophet ordered them to beat him without specifying the number of beats, so the Companions started beating him, some with their bare hands, some with their sandals to humiliate him, and others with their clothes. They did not use a whip which is used for a prescribed punishment. Then after they ceased beating him; one of them made a supplication against him, saying: "May Allah disgrace you", asking Allah to humiliate and expose him among the people. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) instructed them not to say so as that would be helping the devil against him. If they supplicated Allah to disgrace him, perhaps Allah would answer their supplication, and the devil would thus achieve his purpose and overpower the man. Also, this supplication may alienate the man after he had received the punishment.
If someone intends to do a good deed but was prevented by a valid excuse, he shall gain the reward of his intention.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Variation of reward for good deeds is based on sincerity and following of the Prophet’s guidance. The more a person is sincere to Allah, and the keener he is on following the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), the more perfect his worship will be, and consequently his reward will be bigger.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
People differ with regards to their acts of worship according to their intentions. The intentions of some people have reached the ultimate level of sincerity (to Allah) and keenness in following the Sunnah (of the Messenger of Allah) with regard to doing good and righteous deeds, while the intentions of others are below that.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Anyone partaking a role with transgressors and wrongdoers will share their punishment because it is inclusive.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
If someone intends to do a good deed but was prevented by a valid excuse, he shall gain the reward of his intention.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Actions are recompensed according to the intentions behind them, and the individual shall receive the reward of what he intended even if the outcome was contrary to his intention.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
There is not a single good deed intended sincerely to please Allah except that its doer will be raised in rank and status thereby, so that he would reap the full reward.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Love and contentment is measured by good deeds and intentions because they are the criteria for Allah’s acceptance of the servant; perhaps a small deed reaps great reward because of the intention behind it and perhaps a big deed reaps little reward because of the intention behind it
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
One of the proofs Allah supports the servant is the latter’s sincere endeavor to rectify his intention and purify his heart by good deeds.
هدايات لشرح رياض الصالحين