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﴿ أَوَلَمۡ يَرَوۡاْ أَنَّا خَلَقۡنَا لَهُم مِّمَّا عَمِلَتۡ أَيۡدِينَآ أَنۡعَٰمٗا فَهُمۡ لَهَا مَٰلِكُونَ ﴾

سورة يس

Do they not see that We have created for them from what Our hands[1281] have made, grazing livestock, and [then] they are their owners?

﴿ ۞ قُلۡ إِنِّي نُهِيتُ أَنۡ أَعۡبُدَ ٱلَّذِينَ تَدۡعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ لَمَّا جَآءَنِيَ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتُ مِن رَّبِّي وَأُمِرۡتُ أَنۡ أُسۡلِمَ لِرَبِّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ﴾

سورة غافر

Say, [O Muḥammad], "Indeed, I have been forbidden to worship those you call upon besides Allāh once the clear proofs have come to me from my Lord, and I have been commanded to submit to the Lord of the worlds."

﴿ يَٰٓأَهۡلَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ لِمَ تُحَآجُّونَ فِيٓ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَتِ ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةُ وَٱلۡإِنجِيلُ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِۦٓۚ أَفَلَا تَعۡقِلُونَ ﴾

سورة آل عمران

65. O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians)! Why do you dispute about Ibrâhîm (Abraham), while the Taurât (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel) were not revealed till after him? Have you then no sense?

﴿ أَلَمۡ تَرَوۡاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَخَّرَ لَكُم مَّا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَأَسۡبَغَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ نِعَمَهُۥ ظَٰهِرَةٗ وَبَاطِنَةٗۗ وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يُجَٰدِلُ فِي ٱللَّهِ بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٖ وَلَا هُدٗى وَلَا كِتَٰبٖ مُّنِيرٖ ﴾

سورة لقمان

20. See you not (O men) that Allâh has subjected for you whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth, and has completed and perfected His Graces upon you, (both) apparent (i.e. Islâmic Monotheism, and the lawful pleasures of this world, including health, good looks, etc.) and hidden [i.e. One’s Faith in Allâh (of Islâmic Monotheism) knowledge, wisdom, guidance for doing righteous deeds, and also the pleasures and delights of the Hereafter in Paradise]? Yet of mankind is he who disputes about Allâh without knowledge or guidance or a Book giving light!

﴿ وَيَجۡعَلُونَ لِمَا لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ نَصِيبٗا مِّمَّا رَزَقۡنَٰهُمۡۗ تَٱللَّهِ لَتُسۡـَٔلُنَّ عَمَّا كُنتُمۡ تَفۡتَرُونَ ﴾

سورة النحل

They assign a portion of what We have provided for them to those [idols] who know nothing. By Allah, you will surely be called to account for what you used to fabricate.

﴿ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱشۡتَرَوُاْ ٱلضَّلَٰلَةَ بِٱلۡهُدَىٰ فَمَا رَبِحَت تِّجَٰرَتُهُمۡ وَمَا كَانُواْ مُهۡتَدِينَ ﴾

سورة البقرة

16. These are they who have purchased error for guidance, so their commerce was profitless. And they were not guided.

﴿ قَالَ رَبِّ ٱنصُرۡنِي بِمَا كَذَّبُونِ ﴾

سورة المؤمنون

39. He said: "O my Lord! Help me because they deny me."

﴿ ٱلَّذِينَ يُظَٰهِرُونَ مِنكُم مِّن نِّسَآئِهِم مَّا هُنَّ أُمَّهَٰتِهِمۡۖ إِنۡ أُمَّهَٰتُهُمۡ إِلَّا ٱلَّٰٓـِٔي وَلَدۡنَهُمۡۚ وَإِنَّهُمۡ لَيَقُولُونَ مُنكَرٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡقَوۡلِ وَزُورٗاۚ وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٞ ﴾

سورة المجادلة

2. Those among you who make their wives unlawful to them by (Zihâr الظهار)[1] (i.e. by saying to them "You are like my mother’s back,") they cannot be their mothers. None can be their mothers except those who gave them birth. And verily, they utter an ill word and a lie. And verily, Allâh is Oft-Pardoning, Oft-Forgiving.

﴿ مَن جَآءَ بِٱلۡحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُۥ عَشۡرُ أَمۡثَالِهَاۖ وَمَن جَآءَ بِٱلسَّيِّئَةِ فَلَا يُجۡزَىٰٓ إِلَّا مِثۡلَهَا وَهُمۡ لَا يُظۡلَمُونَ ﴾

سورة الأنعام

160. Whoever brings a good deed (Islâmic Monotheism and deeds of obedience to Allâh and His Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم) shall have ten times the like thereof to his credit, and whoever brings an evil deed (polytheism, disbelief, hypocrisy, and deeds of disobedience to Allâh and His Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم) shall have only the recompense of the like thereof, and they will not be wronged.[22]

﴿ قَالَ فِرۡعَوۡنُ ءَامَنتُم بِهِۦ قَبۡلَ أَنۡ ءَاذَنَ لَكُمۡۖ إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَمَكۡرٞ مَّكَرۡتُمُوهُ فِي ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ لِتُخۡرِجُواْ مِنۡهَآ أَهۡلَهَاۖ فَسَوۡفَ تَعۡلَمُونَ ﴾

سورة الأعراف

123. Fir‘aun (Pharaoh) said: "You have believed in him [Mûsâ (Moses)] before I give you permission. Surely, this is a plot which you have plotted in the city to drive out its people, but you shall come to know.

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‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: One day I climbed over Hafsah's house, and I saw the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) relieving himself while facing the Levant, with his back toward the Ka‘bah. In another version, he said: "while facing Bait al-Maqdis."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) mentions that one day he went to the house of his sister Hafsah, the Prophet's wife. He went up on the roof of her house and saw the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) answering the call of nature while facing the direction of the Levant and his back was toward the Qiblah. Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) said this in response to those who said that one should not face the direction of Jerusalem, while answering the call of nature, and that is why the author mentioned the other version which adds: "...facing Bait al-Maqdis." So, if someone faces the Qiblah while praying within a building, there is nothing wrong with that.

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a Bedouin came and urinated in a corner of the mosque. So, the people rebuked him. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) stopped them and when he finished urinating, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that a bucket of water should be poured over that place, and they did so.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Harshness and ignorance are natural habits of the Bedouins because they live in isolation from learning what Allah, the Almighty, revealed unto His Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). Once, while the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was with his Companions in the mosque, a Bedouin entered and urinated in one corner of the mosque assuming it was an open space. His action offended the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), due to the mosque's sanctity. As a result, they rebuked him while he was urinating. Knowing the habits of the Bedouins, however, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who was sent with ease and glad tidings ordered them to stop rebuking him, otherwise he would urinate on a larger spot in the mosque, or make his clothes impure, and to avoid harm had he been interrupted during passing urine. Moreover, he would be more inclined that way to accept the advice of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) when he advises him. He ordered them to purify the place where he urinated by pouring a bucket of water over it.

‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: Umm Habībah had non-menstrual vaginal bleeding for seven years. She asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) about that, and he ordered her to take a ritual bath. ‘Ā’ishah said: "She used to take a ritual bath for every prayer.”

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Umm Habībah to take a ritual bath when she asked him about what she had to do concerning her non-menstrual vaginal bleeding. She, thus, used to do so for every prayer. She remained in this state for seven years. This non-menstrual vaginal bleeding, however, is uncommon among women. The regular blood women discharge is that of menstruation in a number of days monthly. It has signs that women can recognize.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No one of you should urinate in stagnant water then take a ritual bath with it." Another narration reads: "No one of you should take a ritual bath in stagnant water while being in the state of major ritual impurity."

Narrated by Muslim - Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prohibited Muslims from urinating in stagnant water, which is not running, because doing that would cause it to be polluted with impurities and microbes that the urine might be carrying. This, in turn, will harm those who use such water. In addition to that, the one who urinates in stagnant water may use it himself in taking a ritual bath. So, it is not logical to urinate in the water that he will, later on, use in purifying himself. Moreover, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prohibited the one in the state of major ritual impurity from taking a ritual bath in stagnant water, because that causes the water to be polluted with the filth and impurities of the ritual state.

‘Imrān ibn Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) saw a person sitting aloof and not praying with the people. He asked him: "O so and so, what prevented you from offering the prayer with the people?" He replied: "O Messenger of Allah, I am ritually impure and there is no water." In response, the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You should use clean earth, and that will be sufficient for you."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) led his Companions in the Fajr prayer. When he finished the prayer, he noticed a man that had not prayed with them. Out of his remarkable gentleness and good call to Allah, the Almighty, he did not rebuke the man for having failed to attend the congregational prayer until he could know the reason behind this. So, he asked the man: “O so-and-so, what prevented you from praying with the congregation?” The man clarified his excuse, according to his reasoning. He said that he was in a state of ritual impurity and had no water; that is why he delayed the prayer until he could find water and purify himself therewith. Thereupon, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informed him that Allah, the Almighty, out of His kindness, provided a replacement for water when it comes to purification; and that is clean earth. He told him to use it instead of water, which was unavailable.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) met him on the roads of Madīnah while he was in a state of major ritual impurity. He said: "I sneaked away from him and went to take a bath. When I came back, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked: 'Where were you, Abu Hurayrah?' I (said: 'I was in a state of major ritual impurity and disliked to sit with you while being impure.' The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Glory be to Allah! The believer never becomes impure.'"

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

One day, Abu Hurayrah met the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on the roads of Madīnah, and it happened that he was in a state of major ritual impurity. Abu Hurayrah disliked to sit with or talk to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in such a state out of revering and honoring him. So, he quickly sneaked away from the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), took a bath, and came back. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked him where he had gone, and Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) told him about his condition that he disliked to sit with him while being impure. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) wondered how Abu Hurayrah understood that the Muslim in a state of major ritual impurity is impure, and therefore went to take a bath. So, he told him that the believer never becomes impure in any way.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If a Muslim or - a believer - performs ablution, when he washes his face, every sin he has committed with his eyes is washed away with the water, or with the last drop of water; when he washes his hands, every sin he committed is washed away from his hands with the water, or with the last drop of water; and when he washes his feet, every sin that his feet walked towards is washed away with the water, or with the last drop of water, until he comes out cleansed of all sins."

Narrated by Muslim

Ablution cleanses four body parts: the face, the hands, the head, and the feet. This cleansing is both physical and spiritual. Physical cleansing is obvious because the person washes his face, his hands/arms, his feet, and wipes his head. The head could have been washed like the other parts but Allah lightened its cleansing to only wiping (with a wet hand). This is because the head carries the hair and it is the uppermost organ on a person's body. If one were to wash his head, especially if he has a lot of hair, this would be difficult, especially in cold weather. So, out of Allah's mercy, He reduced the obligation of cleansing the head to wiping instead of washing. When a person makes ablution, no doubt he physically cleanses those body parts, which indicates the perfectness of Islamic rituals as they oblige Muslims to cleanse these parts of their bodies which are mostly visible (and thus exposed to dust and the like). As to spiritual cleansing, it should be the intention of the Muslim in performing ablution to cleanse himself from sins. If one washes his face, all the sins that he saw with his eyes will be washed away. Allah mentioned the eyes - and Allah knows best - just as an example, otherwise the nose and the mouth may also sin; the person may speak unlawful words or smell something that he has no right to smell. However, the eyes were mentioned because most of the of sins come from looking at things a person is not permitted to look at.

Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: Umm Sulaym, the wife of Abu Talhah, came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, verily, Allah does not feel shy of the truth. If a woman had a wet dream, would it be obligatory on her to take a ritual bath?" He replied: "Yes, if she sees vaginal fluid."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Umm Sulaym al-Ansāriyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) to ask him about something. But as her question pertained to the private parts, something people would usually feel shy to talk about, she said a few words as a prelude to the question, preparing the attendees for what was to come. She noted that Allah, the Almighty, does not refrain from speaking the true things which people may refrain from due to shyness, as long as mention of such things is useful. After this introduction, she got to the point and asked: Is a woman required to take a ritual bath if she sees in a dream that she engages in sexual intercourse. In reply, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: Yes, she is, if she sees vaginal fluid.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "My followers will be called on the Day of Resurrection with radiant foreheads and feet from the traces of ablution." So whoever can increase the area of his radiance should do so. And in a wording by Muslim: "I saw Abu Hurayrah performing ablution. He washed his face, then his arms until he almost reached the shoulders, and then he washed his feet up to the shins, and said: ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'My followers will be called on the Day of Resurrection with radiant foreheads and feet from the traces of ablution.' So whoever can increase the area of his radiance should do so.'" And in another wording by Muslim: "I heard my close friend (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: ‘The adornment of the believer will reach as far as his ablution reaches.'"

Muslim with its two versions - Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gives his followers the glad tidings that Allah, Glorified and Exalted, will grant them a sign of virtue and honor on the Day of Resurrection that will distinguish them from other nations. When called out, they will emerge, distinct from the rest of people with their radiant faces, hands and feet. This light is from the traces of a great act of worship, i.e. ablution, which they often performed on their limbs. In that they sought Allah's pleasure and reward, hence they will have admirable reward of illumination. Abu Hurayrah recommended to extend this radiance, because washing more space of the body yields more radiance. Indeed, the ornamentation of light reaches as far as the water of ablution reaches. However, in mandatory ablution, one washes the hands up to the elbow and a little bit further, and washes the feet up to the ankles and a little bit further. It is not required to wash the upper arms and shins.

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: I used to wash the traces of semen from the garment of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and he would go out to the prayer with water spots on his garment (i.e. before his garment is totally dry). Another narration reads: "I used to rub it well off the garment of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and then he would pray wearing it."

Narrated by Muslim - Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim