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﴿ وَقَالُواْ لَن تَمَسَّنَا ٱلنَّارُ إِلَّآ أَيَّامٗا مَّعۡدُودَةٗۚ قُلۡ أَتَّخَذۡتُمۡ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ عَهۡدٗا فَلَن يُخۡلِفَ ٱللَّهُ عَهۡدَهُۥٓۖ أَمۡ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعۡلَمُونَ ﴾
سورة البقرة
80. And they (Jews) say, "The Fire (i.e. Hell-fire on the Day of Resurrection) shall not touch us but for a few numbered days." Say (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم to them): "Have you taken a covenant from Allâh, so that Allâh will not break His Covenant? Or is it that you say of Allâh what you know not?"
﴿ وَلَقَد تَّرَكۡنَا مِنۡهَآ ءَايَةَۢ بَيِّنَةٗ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَعۡقِلُونَ ﴾
سورة العنكبوت
35. And indeed We have left thereof an evident Ayâh (a lesson and a warning and a sign - the place where the Dead Sea is now in Palestine)[6] for a folk who understand.
﴿ ثُمَّ بَعَثۡنَا مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِۦ رُسُلًا إِلَىٰ قَوۡمِهِمۡ فَجَآءُوهُم بِٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِ فَمَا كَانُواْ لِيُؤۡمِنُواْ بِمَا كَذَّبُواْ بِهِۦ مِن قَبۡلُۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَطۡبَعُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِ ٱلۡمُعۡتَدِينَ ﴾
سورة يونس
74. Then after him We sent Messengers to their people. They brought them clear proofs, but they would not believe what they had already rejected beforehand. Thus We seal the hearts of the transgressors (those who disbelieve in the Oneness of Allâh and disobey Him).
﴿ فَلِذَٰلِكَ فَٱدۡعُۖ وَٱسۡتَقِمۡ كَمَآ أُمِرۡتَۖ وَلَا تَتَّبِعۡ أَهۡوَآءَهُمۡۖ وَقُلۡ ءَامَنتُ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ مِن كِتَٰبٖۖ وَأُمِرۡتُ لِأَعۡدِلَ بَيۡنَكُمُۖ ٱللَّهُ رَبُّنَا وَرَبُّكُمۡۖ لَنَآ أَعۡمَٰلُنَا وَلَكُمۡ أَعۡمَٰلُكُمۡۖ لَا حُجَّةَ بَيۡنَنَا وَبَيۡنَكُمُۖ ٱللَّهُ يَجۡمَعُ بَيۡنَنَاۖ وَإِلَيۡهِ ٱلۡمَصِيرُ ﴾
سورة الشورى
Therefore call to that [religion, O Prophet] and keep to the straight path as you are commanded, and do not follow their desires, and say, “I believe in every Scripture that Allah has sent down, and I have been commanded to judge fairly among you. Allah is our Lord and your Lord. We have our deeds and you have your deeds[13]. Let there be no [further] argument between us and you[14]; Allah will bring us together, and to Him is the final return.”
﴿ وَجَعَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمۡ أَكِنَّةً أَن يَفۡقَهُوهُ وَفِيٓ ءَاذَانِهِمۡ وَقۡرٗاۚ وَإِذَا ذَكَرۡتَ رَبَّكَ فِي ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ وَحۡدَهُۥ وَلَّوۡاْ عَلَىٰٓ أَدۡبَٰرِهِمۡ نُفُورٗا ﴾
سورة الإسراء
And We have placed over their hearts coverings, lest they understand it, and in their ears deafness. And when you mention your Lord alone in the Qur’ān, they turn back in aversion.
﴿ فَٱصۡبِرۡ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَسَبِّحۡ بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّكَ قَبۡلَ طُلُوعِ ٱلشَّمۡسِ وَقَبۡلَ غُرُوبِهَاۖ وَمِنۡ ءَانَآيِٕ ٱلَّيۡلِ فَسَبِّحۡ وَأَطۡرَافَ ٱلنَّهَارِ لَعَلَّكَ تَرۡضَىٰ ﴾
سورة طه
130. So bear patiently (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم) what they say, and glorify the praises of your Lord before the rising of the sun, and before its setting, and during some hours of the night, and at the ends of the day (an indication for the five compulsory congregational prayers), that you may become pleased (with the reward which Allâh shall give you).
﴿ فَلَمَّا رَءَآ أَيۡدِيَهُمۡ لَا تَصِلُ إِلَيۡهِ نَكِرَهُمۡ وَأَوۡجَسَ مِنۡهُمۡ خِيفَةٗۚ قَالُواْ لَا تَخَفۡ إِنَّآ أُرۡسِلۡنَآ إِلَىٰ قَوۡمِ لُوطٖ ﴾
سورة هود
When he saw their hands not reaching the food[37], he became suspicious and felt scared of them. They said, “Do not be scared. We have been sent to the people of Lot.”
﴿ وَإِذۡ قَتَلۡتُمۡ نَفۡسٗا فَٱدَّٰرَٰءۡتُمۡ فِيهَاۖ وَٱللَّهُ مُخۡرِجٞ مَّا كُنتُمۡ تَكۡتُمُونَ ﴾
سورة البقرة
72. And (remember) when you killed a man and fell into dispute among yourselves as to the crime. But Allâh brought forth that which you were hiding.
﴿ وَمَا جَعَلۡنَآ أَصۡحَٰبَ ٱلنَّارِ إِلَّا مَلَٰٓئِكَةٗۖ وَمَا جَعَلۡنَا عِدَّتَهُمۡ إِلَّا فِتۡنَةٗ لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لِيَسۡتَيۡقِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَيَزۡدَادَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِيمَٰنٗا وَلَا يَرۡتَابَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ وَلِيَقُولَ ٱلَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٞ وَٱلۡكَٰفِرُونَ مَاذَآ أَرَادَ ٱللَّهُ بِهَٰذَا مَثَلٗاۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهۡدِي مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَمَا يَعۡلَمُ جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ إِلَّا هُوَۚ وَمَا هِيَ إِلَّا ذِكۡرَىٰ لِلۡبَشَرِ ﴾
سورة المدثر
We have only appointed angels as keepers of the Fire, and We have only made their number as a test for the disbelievers[8], so that those who were given the Scripture may have certainty and the believers may increase in faith; and neither those who were given the Scripture nor the believers may have any doubts; and so that those [hypocrites] in whose hearts is sickness and the disbelievers may say, “What does Allah mean by this number?” Thus Allah causes to stray whom He wills and guides whom He wills, and none knows the soldiers of your Lord but He. This is but a reminder to mankind.
﴿ وَإِذَا يُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡهِمۡ قَالُوٓاْ ءَامَنَّا بِهِۦٓ إِنَّهُ ٱلۡحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّنَآ إِنَّا كُنَّا مِن قَبۡلِهِۦ مُسۡلِمِينَ ﴾
سورة القصص
When this [Qur’an] is recited to them, they say, “We believe in it, for it is the truth from our Lord. We had already submitted [as Muslims even] before this[25].”
Zayd ibn Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We used to speak during the prayer; a man would talk with his companion at his side in the prayer until [this verse] was revealed: {...And stand before Allah in devout obedience} [Sūrat al-Baqarah: 238]. So we were commanded to keep silent, such that we were forbidden to talk [to each other during prayer].
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
The ritual prayer is a communication between the servant and Allah. So in prayer, one should not allow anything to distract him from this private communication with Allah. Zayd ibn Arqam (may Allah be well pleased with him) says that the Muslims, at the beginning of Islam used to talk to each other during ritual prayers as much as they needed. So one would talk to his companion beside him during the prayer. The Prophet knew of that, but he did not disapprove of it. Since one converses privately with Allah during prayer, no contact should be made with humans. Hence, Allah, the Exalted, commanded the Muslims to observe their prayer with silence, saying: {Maintain with care the [obligatory] prayers and [in particular] the middle prayer and stand before Allah, devoutly obedient} [Sūrat al-Baqarah: 238]. So the Companions came to know from this verse that talking during the prayer is forbidden, and they refrained from talking from that moment on.
‘Ā’ishah, Mother of the Believers, (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) did not offer a prayer after the revelation of {When there comes Allah’s help and the conquest} [Surat an-Nasr: 1] except that he would say therein: "Subhānaka Rabbana wa bihamdik, Allāhumma ighfir li (Glory and praise be to You, our Lord. O Allah, forgive me)".
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
‘Ā’ishah, Mother of the Believers (may Allah be pleased with her), informs that upon the revelation of {When there comes Allah’s help and the conquest} to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), he complied with the command in the Qur’an and hastened to obey the command of Allah Almighty in His saying: {Then glorify the praise of your Lord, and ask His forgiveness}. Therefore, he used to frequently say in his Rukū‘ (bowing) and Sujūd (prostration) during the prayer, "Glory be to You," and may You be Exalted above any deficiency that does not befit You. "And praise, O Allah, our Lord," praise that is rightfully due to You for the perfection of Your essence, attributes, and actions. "O Allah, forgive me" and erase and overlook my sin.
‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that A solar eclipse occurred during the Prophet's lifetime and he sent someone to summon people for a congregational prayer. They gathered and he came forward and began the prayer by making Takbīr. He bowed four times and prostrated four times in two Rak‘ahs.
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
An eclipse of the sun occurred during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), so he sent a caller through the streets and markets to call people to pray and invoke Allah, Blessed and Exalted, to forgive them, have mercy on them, and maintain His apparent and hidden blessings upon them. They gathered in his mosque, and he stepped forward to his place where he leads them in prayer. He led them in a prayer that was different from that they were accustomed to due to the occurrence of an extraordinary universal sign. There was no Iqāmah. He began the prayer by saying Takbīr and performed two Rak‘ahs each containing two bows and two prostrations.
‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: 'At every part of the night, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prayed Witr: at its beginning, middle, and end. Finally he settled on performing Witr just before dawn.
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
The Mother of the Believers ‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) mentions the time when the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray Witr at night. He used to pray it at any time at night, without restricting himself to a certain time. Sometimes he would pray it at the beginning of the night after praying ‘Ishā'. Sometimes he would pray in the middle of the night after the first third of the night had passed. Sometimes he would pray in the last part of the night after two thirds had passed, even in the last hour of the night.
‘Amr ibn Shu‘ayb reported from his father on the authority of his grandfather that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Command your children to pray when they are seven years old, and beat them for (not offering) it when they are ten, and separate them (boys and girls) in beds."
Narrated by Abu Daoud
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarified that the father should command his children - boys and girls - to pray when they are seven years old, and he should teach them what they need to establish prayer. On reaching ten, he should add the beating if they show negligence in observing the prayer. Moreover, he should separate them in beds.
‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn Abi Layla reported: I came across Ka‘b ibn ‘Ujrah who said: Shall I offer you a present? The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came out to us, and we said: O Messenger of Allah, we have learned how to greet you, but how should we invoke the blessings of Allah upon you? He said: "Say: Allāhumma salli ‘ala Muhammad wa ‘ala āli Muhammad kama sallayta ‘ala āli Ibrāhīm innaka hamīdun majīd. Allāhumma bārik' ala Muhammad wa' ala āli Muhammad kama bārakta' ala āli Ibrāhīm innaka hamīdun majīd (O Allah, bestow Your grace upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad just as You bestowed Your grace upon the family of Abraham. Verily, You are Praiseworthy, All-Glorious. O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad just as You blessed the family of Abraham. Verily, You are Praiseworthy, All-Glorious)."
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
The Companions asked the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) how to invoke Allah's blessings upon him after learning how to greet him in At-Tahiyyāt: "As-salāmu ‘alayka ayyuha an-nabiyy wa rahmatullāhi wa barakātuh (O Prophet, may the peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon you)..." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informed them of the manner of invoking Allah's blessings upon him and its meaning: "O Allah, bestow Your grace upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad," i.e., mention him, as well as those who follow his religion and the believers from among his relatives, with good praise among the highest assembly of angels. "Just as You bestowed Your grace upon the family of Abraham." As You bestowed Your favor upon the family of Abraham (peace be upon him), namely Abraham, Ismā‘īl (Ishmael), Is-hāq (Isaac), and their offspring and their followers from the believers, so bestow Your favor upon Muhammad (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). "Verily, You are Praiseworthy, All-Glorious," i.e., You are the Praiseworthy in Your essence, attributes, and acts; the All-Encompassing in Your greatness, sovereignty, and bounty. "O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad just as You blessed the family of Abraham," i.e., grant him the greatest of goodness and honor and increase it and establish it.
‘Ubādah ibn as-Sāmit (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The prayer of the one who did not recite the Opening of the Book (Surat al-Fātihah) is invalid."
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarified that the prayer is invalid without reciting Surat al-Fātihah, which is one of the pillars of prayer in every Rak‘ah (unit of prayer).
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He who performs ablution properly and then comes to the Friday prayer and listens to it attentively and keeps silent, his sins between that Friday and the following Friday will be forgiven, with the addition of three more days; but he who touches a pebble has engaged in idle activity."
Narrated by Muslim
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informs that if a Muslim performs ablution properly, fulfilling its obligatory elements and observing its Sunnahs and etiquettes, and then goes to the Friday prayer and listens attentively to the preacher, refraining from idle activity, Allah will forgive for him the minor sins committed in ten days, from this Friday prayer to the next Friday prayer, in addition to three days. This is because the reward for a good deed is multiplied tenfold. Then, he (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) warned about the lack of attention to the admonitions given in the sermon and any physical diversion, like touching the pebbles and so on, saying that whoever does so has engaged in idle activity, and whoever engages in idle activity does not attain the complete reward of Friday prayer.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever goes to the mosque in the morning or the evening, Allah has prepared an abode for him in Paradise every time he goes in the morning or the evening."
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gave glad tidings to whoever came to the mosque for worship or seeking knowledge or for any other good purpose at any time, be it in the early morning or at the end of the day, that Allah has prepared for him a place and an accommodation in Paradise whenever he goes to the mosque at night or in the morning.
Abu Mūsa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever passes through any of our mosques or markets with arrows with him, he should hold them by their heads (blades) lest he injures any of the Muslims with them."
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
Whoever passes through mosques, markets, and places where Muslims gather while he has a weapon with him, such as arrows or the like, he should hold it by its head well, in a firm grip, lest it injures any of the Muslims.
Anyone who bears a calamity patiently and awaits Allah’s reward, Allah, the Exalted, will compensate him with better than what he lost either in himself or his family.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
When the believer bears patiently and awaits Allah’s reward, Allah Almighty expiates his sins.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Truthfulness of the hearts is a cause to attain what is desired. Whoever intends to do a good deed will be rewarded for it even if he were unable to do it or failed to complete it.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Thanking Allah for His blessings is one of the reasons for their permanence and increase.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Once something is blessed, it becomes abundant even if it is little; and once something is stripped of blessings, it becomes little even if it is abundant.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Taqwa is a [metaphorical] light helping the individual to discern between the truth and falsehood, the good and the harmful, and the [standard practice] of Sunnah from [religious] innovation.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
A successful servant of Allah is he who chooses to do the most pious deeds bound to raise his rank on the Day of Judgment.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Allah suffices anyone who relies on Him because He does not disappoint those hopeful of Him.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Anyone doing good deeds will reap its fruits even if they were few; so, the individual should never look down upon any good deed.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits