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﴿ وَمِنۡ ءَايَٰتِهِۦٓ أَنَّكَ تَرَى ٱلۡأَرۡضَ خَٰشِعَةٗ فَإِذَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهَا ٱلۡمَآءَ ٱهۡتَزَّتۡ وَرَبَتۡۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَحۡيَاهَا لَمُحۡيِ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰٓۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٌ ﴾

سورة فصلت

And among His signs is that you see the land withered, but when We send down rain upon it, it stirs and swells. He Who gives it life will surely give life to the dead, for He is Most Capable of all things.

﴿ إِنَّهُۥ لَقَوۡلٞ فَصۡلٞ ﴾

سورة الطارق

13. Verily, this (the Qur’ân) is the Word that separates (the truth from falsehood, and commands strict laws for mankind to cut the roots of evil).

﴿ أَلَمۡ تَرَ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَعۡلَمُ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ مَا يَكُونُ مِن نَّجۡوَىٰ ثَلَٰثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رَابِعُهُمۡ وَلَا خَمۡسَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ سَادِسُهُمۡ وَلَآ أَدۡنَىٰ مِن ذَٰلِكَ وَلَآ أَكۡثَرَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَعَهُمۡ أَيۡنَ مَا كَانُواْۖ ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُواْ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٌ ﴾

سورة المجادلة

7. Have you not seen that Allâh knows whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is on the earth? There is no Najwâ[3] (secret counsel) of three but He is their fourth (with His Knowledge, while He Himself is over the Throne, over the seventh heaven), nor of five but He is their sixth (with His Knowledge), nor of less than that or more but He is with them (with His Knowledge) wheresoever they may be. And afterwards on the Day of Resurrection He will inform them of what they did. Verily, Allâh is the All-Knower of everything.

﴿ ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ ﴾

سورة الإخلاص

Allah, the Eternal Refuge[2].

﴿ يَقُولُونَ لَئِن رَّجَعۡنَآ إِلَى ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ لَيُخۡرِجَنَّ ٱلۡأَعَزُّ مِنۡهَا ٱلۡأَذَلَّۚ وَلِلَّهِ ٱلۡعِزَّةُ وَلِرَسُولِهِۦ وَلِلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقِينَ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ﴾

سورة المنافقون

They say, "If we return to al-Madīnah, the more honored [for power] will surely expel therefrom the more humble." And to Allāh belongs [all] honor, and to His Messenger, and to the believers, but the hypocrites do not know.

﴿ كَلَّا لَا تُطِعۡهُ وَٱسۡجُدۡۤ وَٱقۡتَرِب۩ ﴾

سورة العلق

No indeed; do not obey him, but prostrate and draw near [to Allah].

﴿ ثُمَّ أَنشَأۡنَا مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡ قُرُونًا ءَاخَرِينَ ﴾

سورة المؤمنون

Then We raised after them other generations.

﴿ هُوَ ٱلۡحَيُّ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَٱدۡعُوهُ مُخۡلِصِينَ لَهُ ٱلدِّينَۗ ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ﴾

سورة غافر

65. He is the Ever Living, Lâ ilâha illâ Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He); so invoke Him making your worship pure for Him Alone (by worshipping Him Alone, and none else, and by doing righteous deeds sincerely for Allâh’s sake only, and not to show off, and not setting up rivals with Him in worship). All the praises and thanks be to Allâh, the Lord of the ‘Âlamîn (mankind, jinn and all that exists).

﴿ إِنَّمَا ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَإِذَا كَانُواْ مَعَهُۥ عَلَىٰٓ أَمۡرٖ جَامِعٖ لَّمۡ يَذۡهَبُواْ حَتَّىٰ يَسۡتَـٔۡذِنُوهُۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَسۡتَـٔۡذِنُونَكَ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦۚ فَإِذَا ٱسۡتَـٔۡذَنُوكَ لِبَعۡضِ شَأۡنِهِمۡ فَأۡذَن لِّمَن شِئۡتَ مِنۡهُمۡ وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَهُمُ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ﴾

سورة النور

The believers are only those who believe in Allāh and His Messenger and, when they are [meeting] with him for a matter of common interest, do not depart until they have asked his permission. Indeed, those who ask your permission, [O Muḥammad] - those are the ones who believe in Allāh and His Messenger. So when they ask your permission due to something of their affairs, then give permission to whom you will among them and ask forgiveness for them of Allāh. Indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.

﴿ ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَۖ لَهُ ٱلۡأَسۡمَآءُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰ ﴾

سورة طه

8. Allâh! Lâ ilâha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He)! To Him belong the Best Names.[1]

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Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Life in this world is sweet and green, and indeed, Allah has made you successors there to see how you will behave. So, be cautious of this world and be cautious of women, for indeed, the first temptation of the children of Israel was due to women."

Narrated by Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarifies that this worldly life has a sweet taste and looks green and alluring. Hence, man gets deceived by this worldly life, indulges in its pleasures, and makes it his biggest concern. Allah Almighty has made us successors of one another in this worldly life to see how we behave; and whether we obey or disobey Him. Then he said: Beware of being deceived by the worldly pleasures and adornment that will cause you to abandon Allah's commands and fall into His prohibitions. Among the gravest worldly trials that one must beware of is women's temptation, which was the first temptation the children of Israel fell into.

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: I memorized from the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ten Rak‘ahs (units of prayer): two Rak‘ahs before Zhuhr and two Rak‘ahs after it, two Rak‘ahs after Maghrib at his home, two Rak‘ahs after ‘Ishā’ at his home, and two Rak‘ahs before the Fajr prayer, an hour when none was allowed to enter upon the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). Hafsah told me that after the muezzin would make Adhān (call to prayer) and after the break of dawn, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to offer two Rak‘ahs. Another wording reads: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to offer two Rak‘ahs after the Friday prayer.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim due to its all chains of narrators

‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) clarifies that some of the voluntary prayers he memorized from the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) were ten Rak‘ahs, which are called "As-Sunan ar-Rawātib" (regular Sunnah prayers). They are: two Rak‘ahs before Zhuhr and two after it, two Rak‘ahs after Maghrib at his home, two Rak‘ahs after ‘Ishā’ at his home, and two Rak‘ahs before Fajr, and these are ten Rak‘ahs in total. As for the Friday prayer, he used to offer two Rak‘ahs after it.

Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) got up at night, he would cleanse his mouth with Siwak (tooth-stick).

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) would often use the Siwāk and command the Muslims to use it. This practice was confirmed at certain times, like getting up during the night, as he (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) would brush and cleanse his mouth with the Siwāk.

‘Abdullāh ibn Zayd ibn ‘Āsim al-Māzini (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a complaint was made to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) about the person who doubts that something (breaking his ablution) has happened to him during his prayer, and he said: "He should not leave (his prayer) unless he hears a sound or perceives a smell."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

An-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy upon him) said that this Hadīth is one of the general and fundamental principles of Islam on which many significant rulings are built. This principle signifies that ruling of things which one is certain about should remain effective and should not be changed because of doubts or assumptions. Even if doubts are strong, they should not affect the ruling as long as they have not reached the level of certainty or strong probability. This Hadīth is one of the many examples showing application of this principle. If a Muslim is certain about his being in a state of purity, and then he has doubts that something occurred that invalidated his purity, the ruling is that he still remains in a state of purity. Conversely, if a Muslim is certain that something happened that invalidated his purity, and later has doubts about his being in a state of purity, the ruling is that he remains in a state of impurity. The same ruling applies to the clothes and places, which are considered pure by default until their impurity is certainly proved. Another example is the number of Rak‘ahs that one performs in prayer. If a Muslim is sure that he has performed three Rak‘ahs and is doubtful about the fourth one, the basic ruling is that the fourth one is not done and he should perform it. Also, if a man is doubtful about divorcing his wife, the basic ruling is that the marriage remains effective, and so on and so forth.

‘Ā'ishah, ‘Abdullāh ibn 'Umar, and Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If the Iqāmah for prayer is proclaimed, and the dinner is served, start with the dinner."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim due to its all chains of narrators

If the Iqamāh for prayer is proclaimed, and food or drink are served, one should start with food and drink; in order to satisfy his appetite, and his mind should not be busy with the food.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let not a believing man hate a believing woman. If he dislikes one of her characteristics, he will be pleased with another." Or he said: "another one."

Narrated by Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade a husband from hating his wife in such a way that would lead him to wrong her, abandon her, and turn away from her. Deficiency is part of man's nature, so, if he dislikes a bad characteristic in her, he will find another good one. He will, thus, be pleased with what he approves of and will patiently endure what he disapproves of the bad characteristics. This will help him remain patient without hating her in such a way that leads him to part with her.

Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I was with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) when he arrived at the dump of some people and passed urine while standing. I stepped aside, but he said: "Draw near." So, I drew near until I stood behind his heels, and he performed ablution and wiped over his leather socks.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Hudhayfah ibn al-Yamān (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reports that he was with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who wanted to urinate and, thus, entered the dump of some people, i.e., a place where the garbage and the dust swept off homes are thrown. He passed urine while standing, although he would usually urinate while sitting. Hudhayfah moved away, but he (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: Come close, and Hudhayfah moved close until he was standing behind his heels to act as a barrier for him and let no one see him in such a state. Then the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) made ablution, and on reaching the point of washing the feet, he only wiped over both of his Khuffs - footwear made of soft leather and the like covering the heels—without taking them off.

Abu Ayyūb al-Ansāri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When you go to a place to relieve yourselves, do not face or turn your back to the Qiblah (prayer direction); rather, turn towards the east or the west." Abu Ayyūb said: We came to the Levant and found lavatories built in the direction of the Qiblah, so, we used to divert ourselves and ask forgiveness from Allah Almighty.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the one who wants to relieve himself by urinating or defecating from facing the Qiblah and the direction of the Ka‘bah and from turning his back to it by making it behind his back. Rather, he should turn away from that direction towards the east or the west in case his Qiblah is like that of the people of Madīnah. Then, Abu Ayyūb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that when they went to the Levant, they found the lavatories, which were set up for answering the call of nature, built facing the direction of the Ka‘bah. So, they used to divert their bodies from the Qiblah and seek forgiveness from Allah despite that.

Abu Qatādah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "None of you should hold his penis with his right hand while urinating, nor wipe himself after answering the call of nature using his right hand, nor breathe into the vessel."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarified here some manners as he forbade men from holding their penis with their right hand while urinating and forbade the act of removing impurity from the private parts, front or back, with the right hand because the right hand is meant to be used for noble matters. He also forbade breathing into the vessel from which one is drinking.

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: "Some trustworthy men, and the most trustworthy among them in my eyes was ‘Umar, testified before me that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade praying after the Fajr prayer up until the sun rises, and after the‘Asr prayer until the sun sets." Abu Sa‘īd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There should be no prayer after the morning prayer until the sun rises high, and there should be no prayer after the ‘Asr prayer until the sun sets.”

Al-Bukhari and Muslim with its two versions