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﴿ وَلَئِن سَأَلۡتَهُم مَّنۡ خَلَقَهُمۡ لَيَقُولُنَّ ٱللَّهُۖ فَأَنَّىٰ يُؤۡفَكُونَ ﴾

سورة الزخرف

If you ask them who created them[33], they will surely say, “Allah.” How are they then deluded?

﴿ هَلۡ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَّآ أَن تَأۡتِيَهُمُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ أَوۡ يَأۡتِيَ رَبُّكَ أَوۡ يَأۡتِيَ بَعۡضُ ءَايَٰتِ رَبِّكَۗ يَوۡمَ يَأۡتِي بَعۡضُ ءَايَٰتِ رَبِّكَ لَا يَنفَعُ نَفۡسًا إِيمَٰنُهَا لَمۡ تَكُنۡ ءَامَنَتۡ مِن قَبۡلُ أَوۡ كَسَبَتۡ فِيٓ إِيمَٰنِهَا خَيۡرٗاۗ قُلِ ٱنتَظِرُوٓاْ إِنَّا مُنتَظِرُونَ ﴾

سورة الأنعام

Do they [then] wait for anything except that the angels should come to them or your Lord should come or that there come some of the signs[359] of your Lord? The Day that some of the signs of your Lord will come no soul will benefit from its faith as long as it had not believed before or had earned through its faith some good. Say, "Wait. Indeed, we [also] are waiting."

﴿ وَمَا مِنۡ غَآئِبَةٖ فِي ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ إِلَّا فِي كِتَٰبٖ مُّبِينٍ ﴾

سورة النمل

For there is nothing hidden in the heavens and earth except that it is [written] in a clear Record[24].

﴿ قَالَ كَذَٰلِكِ قَالَ رَبُّكِ هُوَ عَلَيَّ هَيِّنٞۖ وَلِنَجۡعَلَهُۥٓ ءَايَةٗ لِّلنَّاسِ وَرَحۡمَةٗ مِّنَّاۚ وَكَانَ أَمۡرٗا مَّقۡضِيّٗا ﴾

سورة مريم

He said, “Thus it will be; your Lord says, ‘It is easy for Me; We make him a sign for people and a mercy from Us. This matter has already been decreed.’”

﴿ فَاطِرُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنۡ أَنفُسِكُمۡ أَزۡوَٰجٗا وَمِنَ ٱلۡأَنۡعَٰمِ أَزۡوَٰجٗا يَذۡرَؤُكُمۡ فِيهِۚ لَيۡسَ كَمِثۡلِهِۦ شَيۡءٞۖ وَهُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلۡبَصِيرُ ﴾

سورة الشورى

[He is] Creator of the heavens and the earth. He has made for you from yourselves, mates, and among the cattle, mates; He multiplies you thereby. There is nothing like unto Him,[1411] and He is the Hearing, the Seeing.[1412]

﴿ وَمَن يَعۡمَلۡ سُوٓءًا أَوۡ يَظۡلِمۡ نَفۡسَهُۥ ثُمَّ يَسۡتَغۡفِرِ ٱللَّهَ يَجِدِ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٗا رَّحِيمٗا ﴾

سورة النساء

And whoever does a wrong or wrongs himself but then seeks forgiveness of Allāh will find Allāh Forgiving and Merciful.

﴿ وَٱلۡجِبَالَ أَوۡتَادٗا ﴾

سورة النبأ

And the mountains as stakes?[1822]

﴿ ٱلۡحَجُّ أَشۡهُرٞ مَّعۡلُومَٰتٞۚ فَمَن فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ ٱلۡحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي ٱلۡحَجِّۗ وَمَا تَفۡعَلُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ يَعۡلَمۡهُ ٱللَّهُۗ وَتَزَوَّدُواْ فَإِنَّ خَيۡرَ ٱلزَّادِ ٱلتَّقۡوَىٰۖ وَٱتَّقُونِ يَٰٓأُوْلِي ٱلۡأَلۡبَٰبِ ﴾

سورة البقرة

Ḥajj is [during] well-known months,[75] so whoever has made ḥajj obligatory upon himself therein [by entering the state of iḥrām], there is [to be for him] no sexual relations and no disobedience and no disputing during ḥajj. And whatever good you do - Allāh knows it. And take provisions, but indeed, the best provision is fear of Allāh. And fear Me, O you of understanding.

﴿ وَمَا بِكُم مِّن نِّعۡمَةٖ فَمِنَ ٱللَّهِۖ ثُمَّ إِذَا مَسَّكُمُ ٱلضُّرُّ فَإِلَيۡهِ تَجۡـَٔرُونَ ﴾

سورة النحل

And whatever you have of favor - it is from Allāh. Then when adversity touches you, to Him you cry for help.

﴿ يَٰعِبَادِ لَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡكُمُ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ وَلَآ أَنتُمۡ تَحۡزَنُونَ ﴾

سورة الزخرف

[It will be said to them], “O My slaves, there is no fear for you Today, nor will you grieve,

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Umm ‘Atiyyah al-Ansāriyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) entered upon us after his daughter had died and said: "Wash her three times, or five times or more if you find that necessary. Wash her with water and Sidr (ground lotus leaves), add camphor (or a pinch of camphor) to water in the last time, and let me know when you finish." When we finished, we told him, so he gave us his lower garment and said: "Let it be the first thing you shroud her in." A different narration reads: "or seven times", and he said: "Start with her right side and the organs of ablution." Umm ‘Atiyyah said: "We plaited her hair into three braids."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

When Zaynab, one of the Prophet's daughters died, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) entered upon the women who were washing her, and Umm ‘Atiyyah al-Ansāriyyah was one of them. He wanted to teach them how to wash her, so that she would come out of this world and meet her Lord in a state of cleanness and purity. He ordered them to wash her three or five times, or more if it was necessary. For extra cleanness and a solid corpse, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered them to add Sidr (ground lotus leaves) to the water and to add camphor in the last wash. This would solidify the dead body, and with the perfume, insects would stay away from it. Moreover, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) advised them to start with her right organs, which are washed in ablution, and asked them to let him know when they finished. They informed him after they were done with washing her, and he gave them his lower garment, which touched his pure body, to be the first thing they wrap her body in. He wanted that to be a blessing for her in her grave. The women who were washing Zaynab undid her hair, washed it, and plaited it into three braids, one at the forehead and two at the sides, and they threw them to her back.

Al-Barā ibn ‘Āzib (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered us to do seven things and forbade us from doing seven things. He ordered us to visit the sick, to follow the funeral procession, to invoke Allah's mercy upon someone who sneezes, to help others fulfill their oaths, to help the oppressed, to accept the invitation of others, and to spread the greeting of peace. He forbade us to wear gold rings; to drink in silver utensils; to use Mayāthir (cushions of silk stuffed with cotton and placed under the rider on the saddle) and the Qasiyy (linen clothes containing silk brought from an Egyptian town); and to wear silk, brocade and Dībāj (another fine kind of silk).

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was sent in order to perfect good manners. Therefore, he encouraged the Muslims to observe all noble manners and deeds and forbade them to do ugly things. Among the things which he commanded the Muslims to observe is visiting the sick people. It is a duty on the Muslims to visit sick fellow Muslims, to fulfill the right of a Muslim brother, soothe him, and supplicate Allah for him. Also, Muslims should follow the funerals of the dead among them, since this act involves reward for the follower, supplication for the one being followed, greeting the grave dwellers, as well as deriving lessons and admonition. Also, when someone sneezes and praises Allah, one should respond with: "May Allah have mercy upon you." If someone swears that another does something, one should comply and respond to his request so as to save him the expiation of his oath. One is required, as well, to support the oppressed, for doing this features an aspect of averting injustice, repelling the transgressor, preventing his evil, and forbidding what is wrong. Likewise, one should answer the invitation, so as to foster closeness between the hearts and remove negative feelings, for declining the invitation brings about alienation and aversion. If one is called to attend a wedding party, it is obligatory to respond. One should also spread the greeting of peace, for this is a prophetic practice which involves supplication for the Muslims and a cause of amiability. On the other hand, there are also things that are forbidden to do, such as wearing gold rings by men, which is a sign of effeminacy and softness and contradicts manliness. Also, it is forbidden to drink in silver utensils, for it involves extravagance and arrogance. Since drinking in silver utensils is forbidden although it might be needed, other uses are forbidden with greater reason. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned types of silk (Mayāthir, Qasiyy, Dībāj, Istabraq) as forbidden for men, for such clothes lead to comfort and luxury, which are reasons for idleness and laziness. Men should be active, strong, and youthful in order for them to be ready to do their duty of defending their religion, honor, and countries.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Hurry up with the funeral (the dead body), for if it is righteous, you will be taking it forward to what is good; and if it is otherwise, you will be laying evil off your necks."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that the dead body should be carried quickly for burial, or he probably meant that it should be prepared quickly by getting it washed, prayed over, carried, and buried. This is because if the dead person was righteous, then he would be taken quickly to a good destination and should not be delayed. We learn from another Hadīth that the dead person says: ''Take me forward. Take me forward.'' If the dead person was evil, then staying longer would be a bad thing for people, hence, the dead body should better be taken quickly to the grave.

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) passed by a woman who was weeping beside a grave. He said to her: "Fear Allah and be patient." She said to him: "Leave me alone, for you have not been afflicted with a calamity like mine." She did not recognize him. She was later informed that he was the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). So, she went to his house and there she did not find any doormen. Then she said to him: "I did not recognize you." He said: "Indeed, patience is at the first shock." According to another narration: "She was crying over a son of hers.”

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) passed by a woman at the grave of her son who had died. She used to love him dearly and could not keep herself from going out to his grave and crying there. When the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) saw her, he commanded her to fear Allah and be patient. She said: "Leave me alone, for you have not been afflicted with a calamity like mine." Then, it was said to her that this man was the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). So, she felt regret and went to the door of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) where there were no doormen to prevent people from entering. She said: "I did not recognize you." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then informed her that true patience, which one is rewarded for, is what he shows at the first strike of a calamity.

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer in absentia for the Negus, and I was in either the second or the third row.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) informs in this Hadīth that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer in absentia for the Negus, and he was amongst those who joined this prayer; however, he does not remember whether he was in the second or the third row, in case he is the one in doubt, and not a sub-narrator.

Abu Hurayrah, Abu Qatādah, and Abu Ibrahīm al-Ash'hali - from his father (who was a Companion) - reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) once offered the funeral prayer over a deceased person and said the following: "O Allah, forgive those of us who are living and those of us who are dead, those of us who are young and those who are old, those of us who are males and those who are females, and those of us who are present and those who are absent. O Allah, whoever of us You give life, let him live upon Islam, and whoever of us You take in death, let him die in a state of faith. O Allah, deprive us not of his reward, and subject us not to temptation after his death."

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by Ahmad

Whenever the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer over a deceased person, he would say what means: "O Allah, forgive all of the Muslims, the living and the dead, the young and the old, the males and the females, the present and the absent. O Allah, whoever of us You give life, let him live while holding firmly to the teachings of Islam, and whoever of us You take his soul in death, let him die in a state of faith. O Allah, do not deprive us of the reward of bearing the calamity of his death, and do not let us go astray after his death."

Wāthilah ibn al-Asqa‘ (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) led us in prayer over a dead man from among the Muslims. I heard him say: "O Allah, so-and-so the son of so-and-so is under Your protection and mercy. So, protect him from the trial of the grave and the torture of Hellfire. You are worthy of fulfilling promises and worthy of praise. O Allah, forgive him and have mercy upon him, as You are the Most Forgiving and the Most Merciful."

Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) performed the funeral prayer over a deceased from among the Muslims. Then, he said what means: O Allah, so-and-so the son of so-and-so is under Your safety, protection, and seeking Your forgiveness. Make him firm during the questioning and examination in the grave and save him from the torment of the Fire. Indeed, You do not break Your promise and You are worthy of truth. O Allah, forgive him and be merciful to him. You are Oft-Forgiving of sins and Most Merciful by accepting acts of obedience and multiplying rewards.

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) called upon his son Ibrahīm while he was breathing his last. The eyes of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) began to shed tears. ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn ‘Awf said to him: "And you too, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "O Ibn ‘Awf, this is a mercy." Then he followed it by saying: "Indeed, the eyes shed tears and the heart is grieved, and we do not say except what pleases our Lord. And indeed, over your departure, O Ibrahīm, we are grieved."

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) called upon his son Ibrahīm when he was near death. The eyes of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) started to flow with tears. ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn ‘Awf said in astonishment: "And you too O Messenger of Allah?" Meaning: The people are not patient in the face of calamities, and are you too doing as they do? It was as if he was surprised to see the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in such a state, as he had always been known to encourage patience and forbid impatience. So, he answered him by saying that it was a mercy, meaning: the condition in which you see me is the softness of my heart towards the boy. He followed this with another statement: “Indeed, the eyes shed tears and the heart is grieved, and we do not say except what pleases our Lord,” meaning: we do not show displeasure, rather we show patience. “And indeed, over your departure, O Ibrahīm, we are grieved.” Therefore mercy does not contradict patience or belief in the divine decree.

Samurah ibn Jundub (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I prayed behind the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) the funeral prayer of a woman who died in her postpartum period, and he was standing by the middle of her body.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

Offering prayer over the deceased is a right that is due for every Muslim who dies; male or female, young or old. Samurah ibn Jundub says that he prayed behind the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) the funeral prayer of a woman who had died in her postpartum period, and he stood in line with the middle of her body while leading the prayer.

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was shrouded in some white Yemeni garments, with neither a shirt nor a turban.

Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim