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﴿ لَقَدۡ مَنَّ ٱللَّهُ عَلَى ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ إِذۡ بَعَثَ فِيهِمۡ رَسُولٗا مِّنۡ أَنفُسِهِمۡ يَتۡلُواْ عَلَيۡهِمۡ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ وَيُزَكِّيهِمۡ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ وَإِن كَانُواْ مِن قَبۡلُ لَفِي ضَلَٰلٖ مُّبِينٍ ﴾
سورة آل عمران
Allah conferred favor on the believers when He sent them a messenger from among themselves, reciting to them His verses, purifying them, and teaching them the Book and Wisdom[77], although before that they were clearly misguided.
﴿ فَأَخۡرَجَ لَهُمۡ عِجۡلٗا جَسَدٗا لَّهُۥ خُوَارٞ فَقَالُواْ هَٰذَآ إِلَٰهُكُمۡ وَإِلَٰهُ مُوسَىٰ فَنَسِيَ ﴾
سورة طه
88. Then he took out (of the fire) for them (a statue of) a calf which seemed to low. They said: "This is your ilâh (god), and the ilâh (god) of Mûsâ (Moses), but he [Mûsâ (Moses)] has forgotten (his god).’"
﴿ ۞ وَجَٰوَزۡنَا بِبَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ ٱلۡبَحۡرَ فَأَتۡبَعَهُمۡ فِرۡعَوۡنُ وَجُنُودُهُۥ بَغۡيٗا وَعَدۡوًاۖ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَدۡرَكَهُ ٱلۡغَرَقُ قَالَ ءَامَنتُ أَنَّهُۥ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِيٓ ءَامَنَتۡ بِهِۦ بَنُوٓاْ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ وَأَنَا۠ مِنَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِينَ ﴾
سورة يونس
And We took the Children of Israel across the sea, and Pharaoh and his soldiers pursued them in tyranny and enmity until, when drowning overtook him, he said, "I believe that there is no deity except that in whom the Children of Israel believe, and I am of the Muslims."
﴿ وَٱتَّخَذَ قَوۡمُ مُوسَىٰ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِۦ مِنۡ حُلِيِّهِمۡ عِجۡلٗا جَسَدٗا لَّهُۥ خُوَارٌۚ أَلَمۡ يَرَوۡاْ أَنَّهُۥ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمۡ وَلَا يَهۡدِيهِمۡ سَبِيلًاۘ ٱتَّخَذُوهُ وَكَانُواْ ظَٰلِمِينَ ﴾
سورة الأعراف
In his absence, the people of Moses took for worship an image of calf made from their jewelry that made a lowing sound. Did they not see that it could neither speak to them nor could it guide them[50] to any [straight] way? Yet they took it for worship and they were wrongdoers.
﴿ مَّن ذَا ٱلَّذِي يُقۡرِضُ ٱللَّهَ قَرۡضًا حَسَنٗا فَيُضَٰعِفَهُۥ لَهُۥ وَلَهُۥٓ أَجۡرٞ كَرِيمٞ ﴾
سورة الحديد
11. Who is he that will lend Allâh a goodly loan: then (Allâh) will increase it manifold to his credit (in repaying), and he will have (besides) a good reward (i.e. Paradise).
﴿ إِن يَشَأۡ يُذۡهِبۡكُمۡ وَيَأۡتِ بِخَلۡقٖ جَدِيدٖ ﴾
سورة فاطر
16. If He willed, He could destroy you and bring about a new creation.
﴿ كَأَنَّهُۥ جِمَٰلَتٞ صُفۡرٞ ﴾
سورة المرسلات
as if they were tawny camels[6].
﴿ رَبُّ ٱلۡمَشۡرِقَيۡنِ وَرَبُّ ٱلۡمَغۡرِبَيۡنِ ﴾
سورة الرحمن
[He is] Lord of the two sunrises and Lord of the two sunsets.[1595]
﴿ وَءَاثَرَ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا ﴾
سورة النازعات
38. And preferred the life of this world (by following his evil desires and lusts),
﴿ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ عِندَ رَبِّكَ لَا يَسۡتَكۡبِرُونَ عَنۡ عِبَادَتِهِۦ وَيُسَبِّحُونَهُۥ وَلَهُۥ يَسۡجُدُونَۤ۩ ﴾
سورة الأعراف
206. Surely, those who are with your Lord (angels) are never too proud to perform acts of worship to Him, but they glorify His Praise and prostrate themselves before Him.
Wā’il al-Hadrami reported: Salamah ibn Yazīd al-Ju‘fi (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), saying: O Prophet of Allah, what if we are governed by rulers who seek their rights from us and deny us our rights, what do you command us to do? He turned away from him. Then he asked him, and he turned away from him. Then he asked him for the second or third time, so Al-Ash‘ath ibn Qays pulled him, and he said: "Listen and obey, for they are only responsible for their duty, and you are responsible for your duty."
Narrated by Muslim
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about the rulers who demand their right from people, i.e., to listen and obey and withhold the right that is due to them, namely fulfilling justice, giving the spoils of war, redressing and settling grievances. What do you command us to do with them? The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from him as if he disliked these kinds of questions. However, the questioner repeated his question for the second and third time; thereupon, Al-Ash‘ath ibn Qays (may Allah be pleased with him) pulled the questioner to silence him. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) answered by saying: Listen to what they say and obey their command, as they are only responsible for their duty and for what is entrusted to them of fulfilling justice and giving the subjects their rights, and you are responsible for your duty of obedience, fulfilling rights, and enduring misfortunes patiently.
Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We were on a journey with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and we halted at some place to rest. Some of us began to mend their tents; others began to compete with one another in shooting; and others began to graze their beasts. An announcer of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) announced that we should gather for prayer. So we gathered around the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). He said: "It was the duty of every prophet before me to guide his people to what he knew was good for them and warn them against what he knew was bad for them. The safety of this Ummah of yours lies in its early generations, whereas its late generations will be afflicted with trials and with things that you would reject. There will be tremendous trials, one after the other, each making the previous one dwindle into significance. When they are afflicted with a trial, the believer will say: 'This is going to bring about my destruction.' When it is over, they will be afflicted with another trial and the believer will say: 'This surely is going to be my end.' Anyone wishes to be saved from the Hellfire and be admitted to Paradise should die while having belief in Allah and the Last Day, and should treat people as he wishes to be treated by them. Anyone pledges allegiance to a ruler, giving him the grasp of his hand and sincerity of his heart, he should obey him to the best of his capacity. If another man comes forward disputing his authority, then you should behead the latter."
Narrated by Muslim
This Hadīth states that it is the duty of scholars, just as it was the duty of the prophets, to clarify all forms of good, encourage people to perform it, and guide them to its path. It is also their duty to clarify all forms of evil and warn people against it. The Hadīth shows that the early generations of this Ummah were granted safety from trials, whereas its late generations will be afflicted with evil and trials that will make the coming trials trivialize the previous trials. Safety (from these trials) lies in monotheism, adherence to the Sunnah, kind treatment of people, abidance by the pledge given to the ruler and refraining from rebelling against him, and killing whoever wishes to create dissension among the Muslims.
‘Uday ibn ‘Umayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If any of you is assigned by us to a position but conceals a needle or more from us, it will amount to misappropriation and he will be called upon to restore it on the Day of Judgment." A black man from the Ansār stood up - I can still see him - and said: "O Messenger of Allah, take back your assignment from me." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What has happened to you?" The man replied: "I heard you say such-and-such." The Prophet replied: "I say that even now: Whosoever from you is appointed by us to a position, he should render an account of everything, big or small, and whatever he is given therefrom, he should take, and he should desist from taking what is unlawful."
Narrated by Muslim
If someone is appointed by us to a position of collecting the income of Zakah or the booty of war and he conceals from us a needle or less, then this amounts to misappropriation, and he will (have to) produce it on the Day of Judgment. Then a black man from the Ansār stood up and asked the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) to release him of his assignment. He said: "What has happened to you?" The man said: "I heard you say such-and-such (the previous Hadīth)." He said: "And I say that (even) now: Whosoever from you is appointed by us to a position of authority, he should bring everything, big or small. He is to take what is assigned to him; otherwise, he should restrain from appropriating what is not his."
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, the religion is easy. No one overburdens himself in the religion except that he will be overwhelmed by it. So, seek uprightness (be moderate) and try to be close to it and receive the glad tidings. Seek help by worship in the Ghadwah (early morning), Rawhah (afternoon), and part of the Duljah (night)."
Narrated by Bukhari
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) pointed out that the religion of Islam is built on facilitation and ease in all its affairs, and facilitation becomes more emphatic when there is an inability and need for it. Also, delving deeply into religious activities and abandoning moderateness finally leads to the inability and cessation of deeds, wholly or partially. . Then, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) urged moderation and refraining from excessive. So, a person should neither neglect his duties nor be burdened with things beyond his capacity. If he is unable to do a certain deed altogether, he should perform what is close to it. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gave good tidings of a great reward for ongoing deeds, even if they are little, for those who are unable to perform the deeds completely. This is because if the inability is not due to their own fault, it does not entail a reduction in their reward. Since this world is in reality a place of travel and transfer to the Hereafter, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) commanded us to seek help, for the regular performance of worship, in the three times of activeness: First: Ghadwah: walking in the early morning - between the Fajr prayer and sunrise. Second: Rawhah: walking in the afternoon. Third: Duljah: walking in the whole night or part of it. Since work at night is harder than the daytime, he enjoined part of it, saying: and part of the Duljah.
‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Every one of you is a guardian and responsible for his subjects. The leader in charge of the people is a guardian and is responsible for them; the man is a guardian over his household and is responsible for them; the woman is a guardian over her husband's house and his children and is responsible for them; the slave is a guardian over his master's property and is responsible for it. Verily, each of you is a guardian, and each of you is responsible for his subjects."
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informs that every Muslim in the society has a responsibility to undertake and bear. The leader or the ruler is a guardian over those Allah has placed in his charge. He is responsible for preserving their legislation, defending against whoever wrongs them, fighting against their enemies, and not wasting their rights. The man in his family is responsible for providing for them, treating them kindly, teaching, and disciplining them. The woman in her husband's house is a guardian for managing his house well and bringing up his children, and she will be held accountable for this. The servant and the employee are responsible for their masters' wealth by preserving what is under their control thereof and serving them, and they will be held accountable for that. So, everyone is a guardian over what has been placed under his charge, and everyone is responsible for his subjects.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is obligatory upon you to listen and obey (the ruler) in times of your ease and of your difficulty, whether you feel energetically stimulated or you feel compelled, and even when someone else is given undue preference over you."
Narrated by Muslim
This Hadīth instructs the Muslim to listen to his rulers and those in authority and obey them in all situations, as long as he is not ordered to disobey Allah or is burdened with what is beyond his capacity. Listening and obeying is obligatory even if one finds this is difficult at times or if some of his rights were not given to him. Priority is given to the public interest over his own personal interest.
Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Whenever we gave the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) pledge of allegiance to listen and obey, he would say to us: "To the best of your ability."
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
Ibn ‘Umar informs us that whenever they gave pledge allegiance to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) he would order them to listen and obey. He restricted such obedience to what falls within their ability. In other words, if a ruler orders a Muslim to do something that he is not able to do, he does not have to obey him. Allah, the Almighty,, said: {Allah does not charge a soul except [with that within] its capacity.} [Sūrat al-Baqarah: 286]
Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: “A Muslim person must listen and obey concerning what he likes and hates, unless he is ordered to commit a sin. If he is ordered to commit a sin, then he should neither listen nor obey.”
Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim
According to this Hadīth, it is mandatory to listen to and obey the ruler, whether or not one likes his commands. Only if one is ordered to commit a sin, he is not under obligation to listen and obey concerning this specific order.
Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Whoever insults the ruler, Allah will insult him.”
Narrated by At-Termedhy
The Hadīth highlights the prohibition of belittling the commands of the ruler, as it entails for the one who does so severe threat and humiliation from Allah, the Almighty, in the worldly life and the Hereafter, given the fact that one reaps what he sows.
Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Listen and obey, even if an Abyssinian slave, whose head is like a raisin, was appointed a ruler over you.”
Narrated by Bukhari
Listen to your rulers and be obedient to them even if an Abyssinian slave whose head is like a raisin is appointed to be your leader. The comparison of his head to a raisin denotes physical description, because the hair of Abyssinians is not like the hair of the Arabs. Abyssinian hair is curly, with their curls resembling raisins. This is an emphasis on the fact that the mentioned ruler is of pure Abyssinian descent. "Was appointed a ruler over you" indicates that the order to listen and obey includes the deputy of the supreme leader as well as the leader himself. If it happens that a leader overcame the people and took control of them and he is not an Arab, rather, he is an Abyssinian slave, then it is our duty to listen and obey him. This Hadīth is proof that it is obligatory to be obedient to the rulers, except if they order us to disobey Allah, because obedience to them ensures stability and security, and prevents chaos and the pursuit of personal inclinations and desires. If someone disobeys the rulers in a matter where it is obligatory to obey them, then this leads to chaos and the bias of each individual to his own opinion. Consequently, security is compromised, state matters fall into disorder, and trials and tribulations become widespread.
If someone intends to do a good deed but was prevented by a valid excuse, he shall gain the reward of his intention.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Variation of reward for good deeds is based on sincerity and following of the Prophet’s guidance. The more a person is sincere to Allah, and the keener he is on following the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), the more perfect his worship will be, and consequently his reward will be bigger.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
People differ with regards to their acts of worship according to their intentions. The intentions of some people have reached the ultimate level of sincerity (to Allah) and keenness in following the Sunnah (of the Messenger of Allah) with regard to doing good and righteous deeds, while the intentions of others are below that.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Anyone partaking a role with transgressors and wrongdoers will share their punishment because it is inclusive.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
If someone intends to do a good deed but was prevented by a valid excuse, he shall gain the reward of his intention.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Actions are recompensed according to the intentions behind them, and the individual shall receive the reward of what he intended even if the outcome was contrary to his intention.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
There is not a single good deed intended sincerely to please Allah except that its doer will be raised in rank and status thereby, so that he would reap the full reward.
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
Love and contentment is measured by good deeds and intentions because they are the criteria for Allah’s acceptance of the servant; perhaps a small deed reaps great reward because of the intention behind it and perhaps a big deed reaps little reward because of the intention behind it
Riyadh Al-Salheen with explanation and benefits
One of the proofs Allah supports the servant is the latter’s sincere endeavor to rectify his intention and purify his heart by good deeds.
هدايات لشرح رياض الصالحين